The invention discloses a data acquisition and analysis method for river valley grassland degeneration conditions. The method specifically comprises the following steps of: NDVI data obtaining, DEM data obtaining, information processing, data conversion, vegetation coverage inversion, grassland degeneration grading, grassland degeneration cold / hot spot analysis, grassland degeneration temporal andspatial variation analysis, grassland degeneration cold / hot spot distribution and evolution, river valley grassland degeneration altitude differentiation, grassland coverage analysis and grassland degeneration factor analysis. Through a grassland degeneration grading map, the method is capable of integrally analyzing areas with obvious grassland degeneration grades in tested areas, so that the data analysis is more intuitional; cold / hot spot analysis indicates that the spatial difference between grassland degeneration and improvement is more obvious; through grassland coverage analysis, degeneration features of grasslands with different coverage grades can be quantitatively analyzed and expressed; and through analysis of climate temperatures, rainfall capacities and grazing conditions, the analysis of the grassland degeneration conditions is more correct.