82 results about "Relational equation" patented technology

Disclosed is a mask blank substrate for use in lithography, wherein a main surface of the substrate satisfies a relational equation of (BA₇₀−BA₃₀)/(BD₇₀−BD₃₀)≧350 (%/nm), and has a maximum height (Rmax)≦1.2 nm in a relation between a bearing area (%) and a bearing depth (nm) obtained by measuring, with an atomic force microscope, an area of 1 μm×1 μm in the main surface on the side of the substrate where a transfer pattern is formed, wherein BA₃₀ is defined as a bearing area of 30%, BA₇₀ is defined as a bearing area of 70%, and BD₇₀ and BD₃₀ are defined to respectively represent bearing depths for the bearing area of 30% and the bearing area of 70%.

To provide a bi-aspherical type progressive-power lens which provides an excellent visual acuity correction for prescription values and a wide effective visual field with less distortion in wearing, by reducing a magnification difference of an image between a distance portion and a near portion. The lens is characterized in that when on a first refractive surface being an object side surface, a surface refractive power in a horizontal direction and a surface refractive power in a vertical direction, at a far vision diopter measurement position F1, are DHf and DVf respectively, and on the first refractive surface, a surface refractive power in a horizontal direction and a surface refractive power in a vertical direction, at a near vision diopter measurement position N1, are DHn and DVn respectively, relational equations,

DHf+DHn<Dvf+DVn, and DHn<DVn

are satisfied, and surface astigmatism components at F1 and N1 of the first refractive surface are cancelled by the second refractive surface being an eyeball side surface so that the first and second refractive surfaces together provide a far vision diopter (Df) and an addition diopter (ADD) based on prescription values.

In accordance with the present invention, a mixture ratio indicating the state of mixture of a plurality of objects such as a background image and the image of an object is detected. A pixel value setter 502 extracts background pixel data while also extracting the date of a target pixel and a pixel in the vicinity of the target pixel. The pixel value setter 502 generates a plurality of relational equations indicating data of the target pixel and the pixel in the vicinity of the target pixel and the background pixel data. An arithmetic unit 503 calculates a mixture ratio indicating a mixed state of the plurality of objects in the real world with respect to the target pixel based on the relational equations. The present invention is applicable to an image processing apparatus that accounts for a difference between a signal detected by a sensor and the real world.

In a Fresnel lens which is made of a lens material whose refraction index is n, and focuses light beam from a light source at a specified radiation view angle φ, and has plural N pieces of circular lens surfaces arranged concentrically around a common optical axis, and plural circular rise surfaces arranged adjacent alternately between these lens surfaces, and two lens surfaces adjacent via at least one of the rise surfaces are concave surfaces, and tangent lines and at the intersecting point with the rise surfaces of the shape of a cross section passing through the optical axis of those lens surfaces intersect at the outside with respect to the optical axis, and when the angle formed between these tangent lines is defined as θ, a relational equation θ≧φ/(2 n N) stands.

The present invention provides a technology which precisely restores a distribution of original information by carrying out an iterative calculation based on a distribution of degraded information and a transfer function including a phase characteristic of a transfer system. A method according to the present invention restores the original information using the degraded information and the transfer function in the frequency space. The method according to the present invention considers a distribution of the degraded information and a distribution of the original information as distributions of probability density functions, and considers the transfer function as a probability density function of a conditional probability. The most probable distribution of the original information according to the distribution of the degraded information is acquired by the iterative calculation by means of relational equations based on the Bayes' theorem relating to the probability density functions.

The present invention provides a white light source comprising a blue light emitting LED having a light emission peak of 421 to 490 nm and satisfying a relational equation of

−0.2≦[(P(λ)×V(λ))/(P(λmax1)×V(λmax1))−(B(λ)×V(λ))/(B(λmax2)×V(λmax2))]≦+0.2,

• • assuming that: a light emission spectrum of the white light source is P(λ); a light emission spectrum of black-body radiation having a same color temperature as that of the white light source is B(λ); a spectrum of a spectral luminous efficiency is V(λ); a wavelength at which P(λ)×V(λ) becomes largest is λmax1; and a wavelength at which B(λ)×V(λ) becomes largest is λmax2. According to the above white light source, there can be provided a white light source capable of reproducing the same light emission spectrum as that of natural light.

An object of the present invention is to provide a material used for producing a sheet for sealing a solar cell which is excellent in mechanical strength, solar cell sealing property and transparency if the material is not cross-linked.

The thermoplastic resin composition of the present invention for sealing a solar cell is characterized by comprising:

• (A) 0 to 70 parts by weight of a propylene-based polymer having a melting point of 100° C. or higher and
• (B) 30 to 100 parts by weight of a propylene-based copolymer satisfying the following requisite (b);
• (b): MFR (230° C., load: 2.16 kg) falls in a range of 0.01 to 100 g/10 minutes, and at least one of the following requisites (b-1) and (b-2) is satisfied;
• (b-1): an rr fraction is 60% or more and
• (b-2): a structural unit derived from propylene is contained in an amount of 55 to 90 mole %, and a structural unit derived from α-olefin having 2 to 20 carbon atoms (excluding propylene) is contained in an amount of 10 to 45 mole %; and an intrinsic viscosity [η] (dL/g) measured in decalin at 135° C. and MFR described above satisfy a specific relational equation.

An electronic apparatus includes: a temperature measurement section that measures a temperature of a heat generation source generating heat by consuming power or a temperature of an inner position of a casing of which the temperature changes due to the heat generation of the heat generation source; and an environmental temperature calculation section that calculates a temperature which is calculated using a predetermined relational equation that is different in accordance with a model from a difference between a first temperature measured by the temperature measurement section at a point in time when the heat generation source starts consuming a predetermined amount of power and a second temperature measured by the temperature measurement section at a point in time after the passage of a predetermined period from the start of consumption of a predetermined amount of power by the heat generation source as an environmental temperature in an environment where the casing is placed.

A composite electronic device includes first and second magnetic substrates, and a functional layer sandwiched between these magnetic substrates, and the functional layer is configured by a common-mode filter layer and a ESD protection element layer. An electrostatic capacitance of the ESD protection elements is equal to or lower than 0.35 pF. The common-mode filter layer includes a first spiral conductor formed on an insulation layer, and a second spiral conductor formed on an insulation layer. DC resistance of a common mode filter is equal to or higher than 0.5Ω and equal to or lower than 5Ω, and an electrostatic capacitance of the ESD protection elements is equal to or lower than 0.35 pF. A width W and a length L of the first and second spiral conductors satisfy a relational equation expressed by √(L/W)<(7.6651−fc)/0.1385.

The invention provides an inertial geomagnetic matching location method under the influence of geomagnetic daily variation. The inertial geomagnetic matching location method comprises the following steps: reading position measurement values ai and bi of a to-be-matched point at N moments from an inertial navigation system, and obtaining geomagnetic field strength information Ii from a magnetometer; respectively reading corresponding reference values I (ai, bi) of geomagnetic field strength and corresponding gradient reference values Ix, i and Iy, i of the geomagnetic field strength from a pre-stored geomagnetic database according to positions of N to-be-matched points indicated by the inertial navigation system; bringing in and initializing longitude and latitude error, course error and geomagnetic daily variation error; calculating delta M of increment of the longitude and latitude error, increment of the course error and increment of the geomagnetic daily variation error; updating M of the longitude and latitude error, the course error and the geomagnetic daily variation error; judging whether a termination iteration condition is met or not, and calculating parameters K and delta K according to updated M; obtaining the longitude and latitude error, the course error and the geomagnetic daily variation error according to iteration calculation, and substituting an obtained result into a relational equation of a matching track and a reference track, thus obtaining the matching track.

A light emitting device in this disclosure is provided with a semiconductor light emitting element that radiates light of a first wavelength and a first wavelength conversion unit that includes at least one type of first phosphor, is excited by light of the first wavelength, and radiates light of a second wavelength, which is different from the light of the first wavelength. The phosphor includes europium (Eu) as an activator, and the light of the first wavelength is irradiated onto the first wavelength conversion unit at a light density of 1 kW/cm2 or greater. Letting eta1 be the light output ratio for the light of the first wavelength incident to the first wavelength conversion unit and the light of the second wavelength radiated from the first wavelength conversion unit, the light output ratio eta11 when the light of the first wavelength is irradiated onto the first wavelength conversion unit at a light density of 5 kW/cm2 and the light output ratio eta12 when the light of the first wavelength is irradiated onto the first wavelength conversion unit at a light density of 2.5 kW/cm2 satisfies the relational equation 1 <= eta12/eta11 <= 1.17.

A method of forming a pattern according to the present invention comprising preparing a reduced projection exposure apparatus having a reduced projection ratio 1/m and a wavelength λ (nm) of exposing light and patterning a light shielding element pattern of a reticle mask on a resist film having a thickness tr (nm). The light shielding element pattern has a pattern opening portion having a minimum opening dimension D (nm). A thickness t0 of the light shielding element pattern is set so as to meet a relational equation of m*tr≦t0+5*D*D/λ. Preferably, the thickness t0 of the light shielding element pattern is set so as to meet a relational equation of m*tr≦t0+D*D/λ.

An object of the present invention is to provide a chemically strengthened glass having enhanced surface strength and bending strength. The present invention relates to a chemically strengthened glass having a compressive stress layer formed on a surface layer thereof by an ion exchange method, in which a straight line obtained by a linear approximation of a hydrogen concentration Y in a region of a depth X from an outermost surface of the glass satisfies a specific relational equation (I) in X=0.1 to 0.4 (μm), and an edge surface connecting main surfaces on a front side and a back side of the glass has a skewness (Rsk) measured based on JIS B0601 (2001) being −1.3 or more.

An image forming apparatus includes: a developing unit forming a toner image on a photoreceptor drum; a photo sensor detecting the image density of the toner image; an operation unit calculating a relational equation between the measurement detected by the photo sensor and the development potential; a storage unit storing the relational equation; and a control unit setting up a corrected development potential to obtain a target image density for the developing unit, based on the image density of toner image patches. When high-density correction is performed, the control unit forms a multiple number of toner image patches on the photoreceptor drum based on the corrected development potential that was obtained at the time of the previous high-density correction, and sets up a corrected development potential for obtaining the target image density, based on the multiple image densities of the multiple toner image patches.