The invention relates to a multilayer spherical moderator container. A plurality of concentric hollow spherical shells having different inner diameters are combined with one another layer by layer from inside to outside so as to form the multi-layer spherical moderator container; the number i of the hollow spherical shells can be 1, 2, 3, 4, ..., and n; and if i is equal to 2, 3, 4, ..., n, a space between the i-th hollow spherical shell and the (i-1)-th hollow sphere spherical is communicated with an
external liquid moderator loop through a pipeline corresponding to the space. The invention also provides a
neutron energy spectrum real-time measuring device. The device includes a spherical
neutron detector, a back-end nuclear electronic
processing circuit, a multilayer spherical moderatorcontainer and a liquid moderator loop; the multilayer spherical moderator container wraps the spherical
neutron detector; and the liquid moderator loop can control a liquid moderator in real time so as to make the liquid moderator fill or
discharge from a space between an i-th hollow spherical shell and a (i-1)-th hollow sphere spherical shell provided that the number i of the hollow spherical shells is set to be 2, 3, 4, ..., and n, so that neutrons can be moderated, and can be easily detected by the spherical neutron
detector. The
neutron energy spectrum real-time measuring device of the invention can measure the
energy spectrum of the neutrons in real time, and has the advantages of low cost and convenient use.