The invention relates to a novel microbial strain of valuable and rare edible fungus and an artificial cultivation method and application of the novel microbial strain, in particular to a novel microbial strain Pholiotasp. for pholiota and the artificial cultivation method and application of the novel microbial strain. The novel microbial strain for the pholiota is derived from a chebaling national nature reserve of Guangdong, is the novel microbial strain for the pholiota through identification, tissue isolation is carried out to obtain an original microbial strain which is named (pholiota sp.)HMGIM-W140054, is preserved in China Center For Type Culture Collection (called CCTCC for short, the address is Wuhan, China) at third June, 2019, and the preservation number is CCTCC NO: M 2019414.According to the novel microbial strain, artificial domesticated cultivation is realized, more strong and significant inhibition ratio is shown to staphylococcus, high histidine content, crude polysaccharide content and potassium content are achieved, and the novel microbial strain is a novel strain with rich nutritional ingredients, high cultivation yield and development prospects.