The invention discloses a paramisgurnus dabryanus selective breeding method. Concretely, the method comprises the following steps that (1) 12 microsatellite molecular markers relevant to the growth properties are provided; (2) a parent group 1 is selected for electronic marking and DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) extraction; (3) the molecular markers are adopted for carrying out genotype screening on the parent group 1, and in addition, a parent group 2 is selected; (4) the molecular markers are adopted for carrying out genotype screening on the parent group 2, and parent groups 3 and 4 with different homozygous genotypes are respectively built; (5) the parent groups 3 and 4 are used as breeding groups to be respectively subjected to artificial reproduction to obtain parent groups 5 and 6; (6) hybridization is carried out between the parent groups 5 and 6, and in addition, scaled reproduction is carried out. Compared with a conventional breeding method, the method has the characteristics of high speed, stability and reliability, the practicability is high, the cost is low, the accuracy is high, the influence due to factors such as environment is avoided, the relying on the phenotypic character authentication can be avoided, the breeding years are shortened, the breeding efficiency is improved, and great application values are realized.