The invention discloses a graphene oxide-cerium oxide-tricobalt tetraoxide composite material, a synthesis method and application thereof. According to the invention, a graphene oxide-cerium oxide-tricobalt tetraoxide composite material catalyst is prepared by combining a direct precipitation method and a solvothermal method, and the catalyst is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, a scanning electron microscope and an X-ray diffraction spectrometer, so that the structure and properties of the catalyst are researched; under the combined action of the catalyst and potassiumperoxydisulfate serving as an oxidant, a methylene blue aqueous solution is catalytically degraded, and the catalytic degradation capacity of the catalyst on organic dye methylene blue under the conditions of different concentrations, different pH values, different temperatures and different catalyst usage amounts is respectively researched, so that the lower the initial MB concentration is, thelower the pH value is, the more the catalyst addition amount is, and the higher the temperature is, the faster the degradation rate is; and the product provided by the invention is remarkable in catalytic effect, short in time and less in dosage, far exceeds the catalytic effect of catalysts reported in many literatures, can be recycled after being processed, and can be used as a green catalyst for popularization and application.