3800 results about "Diffuse reflection" patented technology

The present invention relates to a method of forming an amorphous carbon film and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device using the method. An amorphous carbon film is formed on a substrate by vaporizing a liquid hydrocarbon compound, which has chain structure and one double bond, and supplying the compound to a chamber, and ionizing the compound. The amorphous carbon film is used as a hard mask film.It is possible to easily control characteristics of the amorphous carbon film, such as a deposition rate, an etching selectivity, a refractive index (n), a light absorption coefficient (k) and stress, so as to satisfy user's requirements. In particular, it is possible to lower the refractive index (n) and the light absorption coefficient (k). As a result, it is possible to perform a photolithography process without an antireflection film that prevents the diffuse reflection of a lower material layer.Further, a small amount of reaction by-product is generated during a deposition process, and it is possible to easily remove reaction by-products that are attached on the inner wall of a chamber. For this reason, it is possible to increase a cycle of a process for cleaning a chamber, and to increase parts changing cycles of a chamber. As a result, it is possible to save time and cost.

Non-invasive, optical apparatus and methods for the direct measurement of hemoglobin derivatives and other analyte concentration levels in blood using diffuse reflection and transmission spectroscopy in the wavelength region 400-1350 nm which includes the transparent tissue window from approximately 610 to 1311 nanometers and, using diffuse reflection spectroscopy, the mid-infrared region from 4.3-12 microns in wavelength. Large area light collection techniques are utilized to provide a much larger pulsate signal than can be obtain with current sensor technology. Sensors used in separate or simultaneous precision measurements of both diffuse reflection and transmission, either separately or simultaneously, from pulsate, blood-perfused tissue for the subsequent determination of the blood analytes concentrations such as arterial blood oxygen saturation (SaO2), carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), oxyhemoglobin (OHb), deoxyhemoglobin (dOHb), methemoglobin (metHb), water (H2O), hematocrit (HCT), glucose, cholesterol and proteins such as albumin and other analytes components.

An exemplary system, method and computer-accessible medium for determining resultant information about a portion(s) of a tissue(s), can include, for example, receiving initial information which is based on a particular radiation that is returned from the portion(s), the particular radiation can be is based solely on an interaction between the portion(s) and a near-infrared radiation forwarded to the portion(s), and determining the resultant information about the portion(s) of the tissue(s) based on the initial information. The near-infrared radiation can be provided by a near-infrared light optical arrangement that can include a diffusely reflected near-infrared light arrangement. A depth of a lesion to be ablated can be determined by the near-infrared radiation based on the initial information. The initial information can include data corresponding to a reflectance spectrum(s) of the portion(s).

Embodiments of the present invention provide an apparatus with a flexible probe suitable for determining properties of in vivo tissue from spectral information collected from various tissue sites. An illumination system provides light at a plurality of broadband ranges, which are communicated to a flexible optical probe. Light homogenizers and mode scramblers can be employed to improve the performance in some embodiments. The optical probe in some embodiments physically contacts the tissue, and in some embodiments does not physically contact the tissue. The optical probe receives light from the illumination system and transmits it to tissue, and receives light diffusely reflected in response to the broadband light, emitted from the in vivo tissue by fluorescence thereof in response to the broadband light, or a combination thereof. The optical probe can communicate the light to a spectrograph which produces a signal representative of the spectral properties of the light. An analysis system determines a property of the in vivo tissue from the spectral properties.

Embodiments of the present invention provide an apparatus suitable for determining properties of in vivo tissue from spectral information collected from the tissue. An illumination system provides light at a plurality of broadband ranges, which are communicated to an optical probe. The optical probe receives light from the illumination system and transmits it to in vivo tissue, and receives light diffusely reflected in response to the broadband light, emitted from the in vivo tissue by fluorescence thereof in response to the broadband light, or a combination thereof. The optical probe communicates the light to a spectrograph which produces a signal representative of the spectral properties of the light. An analysis system determines a property of the in vivo tissue from the spectral properties. A calibration device mounts such that it is periodically in optical communication with the optical probe.

The invention discloses a system for visually detecting workpiece appearance defects based on image processing, comprising an industrial personal computer, a coaxial light source, a CCD (charge coupled device) industrial camera, an image acquisition card and a rejecting mechanism; both the coaxial light source and the rejecting mechanism are connected with the industrial personal computer; the CCD industrial camera is connected with the industrial personal computer through the image acquisition card; wherein the coaxial light source is used for providing a diffuse reflection light source for a workpiece to be detected; the CCD industrial camera is used for taking an image of the workpiece at a detection station; the rejecting mechanism is used for rejecting from a production line, workpieces detected to be defective; the industrial personal computer has a defect detection module based on image processing; the system is high in detection efficiency and easy to implement.

Retroreflective sheeting includes a body layer having a structured surface with recessed faces and top surfaces, the recessed faces forming cube corner cavities. The recessed faces have a high specular reflectivity, while the top surfaces have a low specular reflectivity. In some embodiments a substantially continuous film of reflective material covers the structured surface, and a masking substance is provided over the reflective material at the top surfaces. Alternatively, the top surfaces are given a non-smooth surface finish so that the film of reflective material on those portions has a diffuse reflectivity. In other embodiments the film of reflective material is discontinuous, disposed selectively on the recessed faces and not on the top surfaces. A cover layer is also provided, and can bond at least to the top surfaces. Keeping the top surfaces substantially free of reflective material inhibits corrosion and can enhance the bond integrity. The top surfaces are preferably flat, and diffusely reflective to enhance the daytime whiteness of the sheeting.

An image region dividing section (105) partitions each of input images into a small regions, and a small region synthesized image generation section (106) generates a base image of each small region, which is an image including only diffuse reflection, from each input image. An image interpolation section (107) generates by interpolation a base image of a small region of which base image cannot be generated. A linearized image generation section (103) generates a linearized image, which is an image in an ideal state under given lighting condition, using the base image of each small region.

A catheter enables real-time light measurements, for example, without limitation, diffuse reflectance, fluorescence, etc., from biological materials, such as tissue (including blood), while performing RF ablation. The catheter tip design isolates illumination and collection paths within the tip electrode such that light for illuminating the tissue of interest (e.g., cardiac tissue or blood) is isolated within the tip electrode from light that returns from the tissue to the catheter tip, and vice versa. Such a design advantageously avoids saturation of the optical detector, and ensures diffusion of the illumination light within the medium of interest. The catheter has a catheter body and a tip electrode with a shell wall and a hollow cavity. The shell wall has at least an illumination opening and a collection opening. The catheter further includes a first fiber optic cable in communication with the illumination opening, and a second fiber optic cable in communication with the hollow cavity, wherein light emitted from the first fiber optic cable exits the tip electrode to reach tissue through the illumination opening in defining a first path and returns to the tip electrode from the tissue into the hollow cavity through the collection opening in defining a second path, the first and second paths being optically isolated from each other within the tip electrode. The invention also includes a method of making an ablation electrode tip defining isolated optical paths with in the tip electrode for light exiting the tip electrode and light returning to the tip electrode.

Methods and apparatus are described that provide the ability to estimate the diffuse reflection component of an image of tissue such as skin captured without cross-polarization. It is thereby possible to estimate skin pigmentation information from an image of skin captured conventionally, such as, for example, a total reflection image, obtained in a conventional manner by shining white light on the skin and capturing the reflected light. The image may also be a partially diffuse reflection image, such as a low quality cross-polarized image. The diffuse reflection component of a captured image can then be further processed to obtain Red and Brown pigmentation images, useful for indicating the distribution of hemoglobin and melanin, the primary chromophores of skin. Additionally, a standard captured image of skin can be analyzed to obtain an estimate of the surface reflection component of the reflected light. The surface reflection component can then be used to generate a surface reflection image, useful for showing the distribution of light on the skin and to highlight superficial features such as wrinkles, fine lines, folds, pores, texture, and visible spots.

The invention relates to an image device comprising a base material having a pattern of diffuse and specular metallic reflectivity and overlaying said pattern an image.

Methods and apparatus for diffuse indirect illumination computation using progressive interleaved irradiance sampling. Embodiments may implement a method that amortizes the cost of computing the irradiance integral for diffuse indirect illumination both temporally and spatially in screen space. For each pixel, only one secondary ray is fired. By carefully arranging different secondary ray directions for different pixels according to a sampling sequence, embodiments may filter the noisy estimate so that each pixel receives a relatively uniform coverage of the integrated hemisphere. Some embodiments may use a bilateral filter so that the geometric discontinuities are respected. The sequence may continue to a higher-level of stratification in each frame. This ensures that the rendering is converging to a noise-free result.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a wavelength conversion device, a diffuse reflection layer, a light source system and a projection system. The wavelength conversion device comprises a fluorescent layer containing fluorescent powder for realizing wavelength conversion, as well as the diffuse reflection layer attached to the backlight surface of the fluorescent layer; the diffuse reflection layer comprises white scattering particles and a first binding element bound with the white scattering particles; the ratio of the refractive index of the white scattering particles to that of the first binding element is greater than 1.2. After the invention is adopted, a thinner diffuse reflection layer can achieve high reflectivity, and the thinner diffuse reflection layer is beneficial to shortening of a heat conduction path of a luminous layer, so that the heat stability of the wavelength conversion device is improved.

According to the present invention, a polarized image is captured, a variation in its light intensity is approximated with a sinusoidal function, and then the object is spatially divided into a specular reflection area (S-area) and a diffuse reflection area (D-area) in Step S402 of dividing a reflection area. Information about the object's refractive index is entered in Step S405, thereby obtaining surface normals by mutually different techniques in Steps S406 and S407, respectively. Finally, in Steps S410 and S411, the two normals are matched to each other in the vicinity of the boundary between the S- and D-areas.

The present invention discloses a high CRI white LED and a lamp comprising the white LED. The white LED includes a base, a reflector for mixing light, protrusions on the inner wall surface of the reflector, at least 6 LED chips emitting lights at different wavelengths, which are fixed and electrically combined on the heat conducting base, and a lead frame which has a shape and a size matched well with the bottom of the reflector and which is fixed outside the reflector and on the top surface of the base. Electrodes of the LED chips are electrically connected with leads on the lead frame. A transparent optical material covers the chips. The multi-wavelengths lights are mixed uniformly by diffuse reflection of the reflecting walls of the reflector to achieve a white LED with high CRI and high efficiency. A white LED lamp or a white LED plane light source comprising the white LED can avoid energy loss in optical conversion in which phosphors are used. With the configuration, the efficiency in electro-to-optic conversion and working lifetime of the lamps are improved. The lamp is also suitable for mass production.

When light generated in a light emitting layer of a display device is emitted through insulating films such as a planarizing film, an interlayer insulating film and a gate insulating film of a transistor, diffused reflection is caused due to slight-rough surfaces of the insulating films every time light passes through each insulating film. Accordingly, problems are caused in which stray light is caused, an outline of a pixel becomes indistinct, and a characteristic of the transistor is deteriorated. A display device according to the invention includes a transistor formed over a substrate, an insulating film with a light shielding property formed on the transistor, an opening for transmitting light therethrough formed in the insulating film with the light shielding property, and a light emitting element formed overlapping the opening.

The present invention presents a framework for separating specular and diffuse reflection components in images and videos. Each pixel of the an M-channel input image illuminated by N light sources is linearly transformed into a new color space having (M-N) channels. For an RGB image with one light source, the new color space has two color channels (U,V) that are free of specularities and a third channel (S) that contains both specular and diffuse components. When used with multiple light sources, the transformation may be used to produce a specular invariant image. A diffuse RGB image can be obtained by applying a non-linear partial differential equation to an RGB image to iteratively erode the specular component at each pixel. An optional third dimension of time may be added for processing video images. After the specular and diffuse components are separated, dichromatic editing may be used to independently process the diffuse and the specular components to add or suppress visual effects. The (U,V) channels of images can be used as input to 3-D shape estimation algorithms including shape-from-shading, photometric stereo, binocular and multinocular stereopsis, and structure-from-motion.

The invention concerns measurements in which light interacts with matter giving rise to changes in light intensity, and preferred embodiment spectrophotometer devices of the invention provide for ultrasensitive measurements through a reflection interaction with matter. The level of light source noise in these measurements can be reduced in accordance with the invention. Preferred embodiments of the invention use sealed housings lacking an internal light source, and reflection based sample and reference cells. In some embodiments a substantially solid thermally conductive housing is used. Other features of preferred embodiments include particular reflection based sample and reference cells. A total internal reflection embodiment includes, for example, a prism including an interaction surface, a detector, a lens that focuses a beam output from the prism onto the detector, and a closed interaction volume having an inlet and an outlet for delivering gas or liquid to the interaction surface. In a specular reflection embodiment, a reflective surface is used instead of a prism. In a diffuse reflection embodiment a matte surface is used instead of a prism and the matte surface produces scattering. Aspects of the invention include identification of noise-contributing components in spectrophotometry and the select set of preferred features in a given embodiment, and noise levels very near the shot noise limit may be realized with application of preferred embodiment devices.

The invention discloses a wavelength conversion device, a manufacture method thereof, a correlative light-emitting device, and a projection system. The wavelength conversion device comprises a light-emitting layer, a diffuse reflection layer, and a ceramic substrate which are successively stacked. The light-emitting layer comprises fluorescent powder and first glass powder. The volume fraction of the fluorescent powder to the light-emitting layer is from 14.1 to 38.7 percent. The diffuse reflection layer comprises white scattering particles and the first glass powder. The volume fraction of the white scattering particles to the diffuse reflection layer is from 22.0 to 62.9 percent. The coefficient of linear expansion of the ceramic substrate is greater than that of the first glass powder but less than those of the ceramic substrate and the white scattering particles. By adjustment of the volume fraction of the fluorescent powder in the light-emitting layer and the volume fraction of the white scattering particles in the diffuse reflection layer, the light-emitting layer and the diffuse reflection layer have high enough light-emitting efficiency and reflectivity and low internal thermal resistance and interface thermal resistance so as to achieve a beneficial effect of obtaining emergent light with high light-emitting efficiency.

The invention relates to a comprehensive diagnostic apparatus for xerophthalmia. The comprehensive diagnostic apparatus comprises an upper computer, a controller, a Placido disc, a near-infrared light illuminating system, a white light illuminating system, and an imaging system, wherein the white light illuminating system comprises a diffuse reflection plate and a white light LED array, the imaging system comprises an industrial camera, an automatic focusing lens, an optical filter wheel disc, a motor and a gear, the diagnostic apparatus respectively measures the tear meniscus height, the area of a tiny blood vessel of a conjunctiva, the structural and morphological parameters of meibomian glands, the breakup time of a tear film, and the thickness of a lipid layer of the tear film according to the principles of visible light / near-infrared light imaging measurement, structured light imaging measurement and white light interferometry, so as to provide objective diagnostic evidences and preliminary diagnostic result for the diagnosis of the xerophthalmia. The diagnostic apparatus can replace a series of separated diagnosis items during the clinical diagnosis of the xerophthalmia, the diagnosis flow of the xerophthalmia is simplified, the diagnosis time is shortened, and the objectivity and the repeatability of the diagnosis result are improved.

The invention provides a light emitting device comprising a mark body, a substrate arranged in back of the mark body, an LED mounted on an opposite surface of the substrate to the mark body, and a light guide arranged on a closer side of the substrate to the LED and having an upper surface serving as a light introducing surface for introducing LED-based light, a side surface serving as a light emitting surface and a backside subjected to a light diffuse reflection process to cause diffuse reflection by the backside. Incidentally, there can be provided a light emitting device comprising a light guide arranged on a closer side of the substrate to the LED and having an upper surface serving as a light introducing surface for introducing LED-based light, a side surface serving as a light emitting surface and a backside having a plurality of protrusions in a rib form.

The invention discloses a diffuse reflection type tin-coated welding strip and a method for producing the same. The diffuse reflection type tin-coated welding strip comprises a copper strip and a tin coating on the copper strip, wherein the surface of the tin coating is provided with distributed pit-shaped bodies. The production method comprises the following steps of: raising the temperature in a tin furnace to between 230 and 250 DEG C, and putting the copper strip in metallic alloy coating solution in the tin furnace for immersion tin-coating, wherein the speed of the immersion tin-coating is controlled to be 1 to 2m / min; and taking the tin-coated welding strip subjected to the immersion coating out, and cooling the tin coating on the surface of the copper strip by an air blower and a screen arranged on the air blower to obtain the distributed pit-shaped bodies. Because the surface of the tin coating is provided with the distributed pit-shaped bodies, the physical indexes of the diffuse reflection type tin-coated welding strip are stable, and the diffuse reflection type tin-coated welding strip can diffuse sunlight, so that more sunlight can be reflected to a battery plate, and the received solar energy is increased.

The invention discloses a method for nondestructively measuring main fatty acid content of peanut seeds. The method comprises the following steps of: based on the Fourier transform near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum technology, scanning spectrums by adopting a best integrating sphere diffuse reflection mode for eliminating solid granule non-uniformity, establishing a multiple regression mathematical model by using full peanut seeds of multiple genotypes as standard sample sets, and predicting the main fatty acid content of an unknown sample through the model. The method is nondestructive, does not need to treat the sample, and does not harm the vitality and tissue structure of the seeds. The method has the advantages of simple operation, high sensitivity, high scanning speed, good signal-to-noise ratio and high measurement speed, and is suitable for high oleic acid quality breeding, germ plasm resource identification and inheritance rule research of peanuts.

LED light distribution lens having a light emitting surface whose shape is circular in its plan view, which emits forward light from LED disposed in its center.The LED light distribution lens is characterized by the construction of the emitting surface which is low at production cost and so designed as not to cause the diffuse reflection and unintended diffusion. Such emitting surface has a plural convex surfaces formed both in its radial and its circumferential directions in a manner that the convex surfaces surround the circumference of the LED and has continuous surfaces formed such that the boundary portions of the convex surfaces constitute the concave surfaces, thereby realizing expected light distribution based on design specification.

A light guide module includes a light guide plate and a diffuse reflector. The light guide plate has a light incidence surface, a light exiting surface, and a bottom surface, wherein the light exiting surface is opposite to the bottom surface, and the light incidence surface is connected with the light exiting surface and the bottom surface. The diffuse reflector is secured to the bottom surface of the light guide plate by an adhesive pattern layer, wherein the adhesive pattern layer is formed by a plurality of light-transmissive adhesive gels, and these light-transmissive adhesive gels do not contain any diffusive particles. A backlight module using the light guide module mentioned above and a fabricating method for the light guide module are also provided.

A polarized image acquisition section shoots a subject through a polarizing element operable to set principal axes of which directions are different from each other. An incident plane specifying section specifies an incident plane of each pixel, and an incident angle computation section computes an incident angle of each pixel. A classifying section clusters pixels similar to each other in both incident plane and incident angel. A reflection component separation section performs reflection component separation on each clustered pixel set on the assumption of probabilistic independence between the diffuse reflection component and the specular reflection component.

Illumination of the skin by substantial, monochromatic light emitted by LEDs, produces positive therapeutic effects for the treatment of a wide variety of skin conditions. Arrays of LEDs comprising multiple emission colors are preferred light sources for these applications, however, achieving uniform and efficient illumination of a skin target area in close proximity is difficult due to the point-like emission and narrow divergence of lensed LEDs. An illumination apparatus and method, provides a LED system that produces uniform and efficient illumination by combining a well-distributed computed arrangement of each of the LED colors on the array, to enhance the spatial overlap of individual LED outputs across the target area with a diffuse secondary reflector between the LEDs having high reflectivity to further enhance illumination uniformity by allowing light to bounce between LED array panels and the skin.