The invention relates to preparation and application of a near-infrared fluorescent probe based on an MOF material. The invention provides a preparation method for synthesizing the fluorescent probe by taking adriamycin, 2-(4-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzoyl) benzoic acid, Fisher aldehyde, zinc acetate dehydrate, imidazole-2-formaldehyde and the like as raw materials. The fluorescent probe is the near-infrared fluorescent probe based on the MOF material. Firstly, the fluorescent probe is simple in synthesis method, and a near-infrared fluorescence monitoring controllable drug release system whichresponds to a tumor microenvironment is synthesized by adopting a ZIF-90 nano material and a near-infrared dye; secondarily, the fluorescent probe can quickly react with ATP, and the response time iswithin 200 seconds; and thirdly, as the ATP concentration in cancer cells is higher than that of surrounding normal tissues, the fluorescent probe has relatively ideal selectivity on the ATP, the probe can be well enriched in the cancer cells, and the premise of improving the cancer treatment effect is achieved; and finally, the probe has excellent drug loading characteristics, so that the cancertreatment effect is greatly improved.