The invention discloses a construction method for an in vitro skin test model containing melanocytes. The construction method comprises the following steps: using a culture medium for human epidermal keratinocytes as a basic liquid, and respectively preparing a culture medium a and a culture medium b; respectively preparing the keratinocytes and the melanocytes into cell suspensions by adopting the culture medium a, respectively and uniformly inoculating into a Transwell chamber, then adding the culture medium a, carrying out immersed culture for 1-5 days in a 5% CO2 incubator at the temperature of 37 DEG C, and forming an epidermal layer structure containing the melanocytes; placing on the surface of a culture support in a culture dish, adding the culture medium b, carrying out gas-liquid level culture, putting into the 5% CO2 incubator at the temperature of 37 DEG C and culturing for 5-15 days, so that the skin test model containing the melanocytes is obtained. The construction method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that model stability is high, the melanocytes are more sensitive to external stimulation, the model can be accurately used for detection on safety and efficacy assessment of cosmetics, raw material cost is low, production cycle is short, stability is good, and the model can be produced in quantity.