302 results about "Dummy load" patented technology

The invention disclosed herein is a dynamic dummy load to allow a phase control dimmer to be used with LED lighting. The invention includes providing a dynamic dummy load to provide a load to the dimmer when the LED electronics do not provide sufficient load due to start up issues or ringing in the circuit, the dynamic dummy load providing a reduced flow of current when the LED and its converter electronics provide sufficient current draw from the dimmer. The system generally includes a power source electrically connected to a phase control dimmer, the phase control dimmer electrically connected to converter circuitry to convert the AC power output of the dimmer to DC power output for powering the LED lighting, a dynamic dummy load electrically connected in parallel with the converter circuitry, the dummy load varying its current draw in response to operation of the converter circuitry.

This disclosure uses a differential sensing and TSV timing control scheme for 3D-IC, which includes a first chip layer of the stacked device having a detecting circuits and a relative high ability driver horizontally coupled to the detecting circuits. A sensing circuit is coupled to the detecting circuits by a horizontal line, a first differential signal driver is coupled to the sensing circuit, horizontally. The Nth chip layer of the stacked device includes a Nth relative high ability driver and a Nth differential signal driver formed on the Nth chip layer. The Nth relative high ability driver is vertically coupled to the first relative high ability driver through one relative low loading TSV and (N−2) TSVs to act as dummy loadings. The TSV and (N−2) TSVs penetrate the stacked device from Nth chip layer to first chip layer. The TSV shares same configuration with the (N−2) TSVs. The Nth differential signal driver is vertically coupled to the first differential signal driver through a pair of TSVs and (N−2) pairs of TSVs, vertically. The pair of TSVs and the (N−2) TSVs penetrate the stacked device from the Nth chip layer to the first chip layer. Each of TSV is formed between a first and a second chip layers. Each of TSV is formed between any adjacent two chip layers of the stacked device.

A static semiconductor memory device includes a memory cell formed in a memory cell region; and a dummy memory cell formed in a dummy memory cell region. The memory cell includes a power supply wiring and a ground wiring which are provided to extend in a direction of a word line; and inverters provided between the power supply wiring and the ground wiring and cross-connected to each other. The dummy memory cell includes first and second wirings respectively corresponding to the power supply wiring and the ground wiring and extending in the direction of the word line; and two sets of a dummy load circuit and a dummy drive transistor, wherein the two sets are connected with the first and second wirings, which are biased to prevent leakage current from flowing.

A switch-mode self-coupling power device additionally increases a set of high voltage auxiliary winding in the transformer and increases a control circuit and an energy transmitting circuit in the primary side circuit of the conventional circuit. When the load is too low, the control circuit may control the energy transmitting circuit according to the variation of the load so that the voltage of the high voltage auxiliary winding can be transmitted to a controller for operation through the energy transmitting circuit. Therefore, the design of PWM controller (pulse width modulation controller) auxiliary power circuit according to the present invention, which is not limited by the magnitude of a dummy load at the secondary side of the transformer, can conform to international regulations and is a product with industrial purpose and conforming to green mode.

A method for generating a load variation for detecting a wireless power receiving unit in wireless charging is provided. The method includes maintaining a switch connected to a dummy load in an ON state by the wireless power receiving unit, receiving wireless power from a wireless power transmitting unit, and, upon receiving the wireless power, switching the switch connected to the dummy load to an OFF state.

Information is directed across the same corresponding virtual channels in both a first network switch and a second network switch. As a result, any congestion in the second network switch results only in packet dropping associated with the particular congested virtual channel. However, information continues to move across the remaining uncongested virtual channels. As a result, even if congestion occurs in the second network switch, information continues to flow across the single network link between the first and second network switches, i.e., the single network link is not shut down.

A method and an apparatus are proposed for simultaneously coating the inner walls of a plurality of hollow containers, such as bottles, with fluid-impermeable barrier layers applied by a PECVD method with the use of transversal antennas capable of creating plasma having density increased in the vicinity of the inner walls of the containers. The barrier-layer application period is divided into a coating period and a noncoating cooling period, with RF energy constantly maintained under working conditions with shunting thereof from the coating station to the dummy loads during noncoating periods used for cooling the plastic containers. The apparatus comprises a vacuum chamber with a conveyor that transports the containers in a preoriented state for interaction with a plurality of aligning elements that can be inserted into the container openings for subsequent fixation at equal distances in positions aligned with the antennas that can be inserted into the containers for generation of the coating-applying plasma.

A symmetrical high-speed current sense amplifier having complementary reference cells and configurable load devices that eliminates architecture-related capacitive mismatch contributions. The current sense amplifier is adapted for use in a symmetric sensing architecture and includes a configurable load device. The current sense amplifier includes a voltage comparator, a first clamping device coupled between a first input of the voltage comparator and a first input signal, the first clamping device being coupled to a reference voltage. A second clamping device is coupled between the second input of the voltage comparator and a second input signal, the second clamping device being coupled to the reference voltage. The load device may comprise a current mirror that is coupled between the first and second input of the voltage comparator. The current mirror may be configurable by select transistors. Alternatively, the load device may be a hard-wired current mirror, and a multiplexer may be used to select whether the first input signal or the second input signal is connected to a first or second side of the current mirror. Configurable dummy loads may be added at appropriate nodes to optimize the capacitive load and increase the speed of the amplifier. Equalization devices may be coupled between the first and second inputs of the voltage comparator, and between the first input signal and the second input signal.

The invention relates to a micro-grid experiment system which comprises a wind power generation unit, a photovoltaic grid-connected power generation unit, an energy storage unit, a third-class load, a load control device, a dummy load, a PV (photovoltaic) simulator, a frequency converter, an AC (Alternate Current) grid-connected cabinet, a micro-grid switching-in cabinet, a central controller, interconnection switches, a cable and a bus. By the state of each interconnection switch, different operation modes and configuration modes of a plurality of micro-grids can be realized. The operation modes comprise a single micro-grid grid-connected mode, a multiple micro-grid grid-connected mode, a single micro-grid islanding mode, a multiple micro-grid islanding mode and a transient mode. The system effectively utilizes renewable energy sources. The influence of power supply on the environment is reduced. A gel battery and a super capacitor are used as energy storage elements, so that not only is the micro-grid experiment system economic, but also the pollution to the environment is reduced and the micro-grid experiment system has relatively long service life and high charging speed. The system can be used for developing research on various micro sources such as wind, light, storage and the like, a combined system of the micro sources, various micro-grid operation modes and micro-grid and distribution network interactive influence and has excellent expansibility on both hardware and software.

A load adjusting circuit 36 adjusts the load value L=L2 of a dummy load circuit 31x corresponding to the outputs of a frequency determining circuit 37 and an interface determining circuit 35 as L2=L1- DELTA L holding, where L=L1 is a proper value in the case that the access time does not depend on the frequency of the data DQ and DELTA L corresponds to a half of the maximum value tlc of the deviation of the access time that varies corresponding to the frequency of the data DQ. A DLL circuit 40 delays a internal clock iCLK by a time delta tx so that a difference between phases of the clock iCLK and a dummy internal clock d-iCLK becomes a predetermined value. The delay time delta tx is equal to a value determined in such a way that delta tx=67 tx0 is determined with activating the DLL circuit 40, tlc is determined and delta tx is finally determined as delta tx= delta tx0+ tlc / 2 or delta tx= delta tx0-tlc / 2 due to the condition of data frequency at determining delta tx0.

The invention discloses a high-voltage alternating current light adjustment controller of a universal constant-current LED, and comprises an alternating current filter, a controllable resistance dummy load unit circuit, an electronic transformer unit circuit adapted to tangential input, a boosting constant-current unit, a voltage-to-PWM conversion unit circuit, a high-voltage isolating circuit, a light adjustment signal sampling circuit and a negative terminal absorption circuit unit. A high-voltage pulse appearing in the light adjustment process is restrained and absorbed through the alternating current filter and the negative terminal absorption circuit unit, so as to control a light adjustment device; a boosting circuit is matched with the electronic transformer adapted to the tangential input, thereby solving the problem that the electronic transformer is started under low power consumption; a light adjustment signal is taken out of the photoelectric isolating light adjustment signal sampling circuit and passes through the voltage-to-PWM conversion circuit, so that the PWM light adjustment signal is delivered; therefore, the PWM light adjustment to the LED is realized under the condition that the traditional line is not changed; the light adjustment controller is to be widely applied to LED illumination.

A driving device of a capacitive load includes a modulator that executes pulse modulation on a drive waveform signal. An inductor performs low-pass filtering on the modulated drive waveform signal and outputs the low-pass filtered signal as a drive signal towards a load capacitor as the capacitive load. A load selection control circuit selects a load capacitor and a dummy load capacitor to be connected to the inductor so that a sum of the capacitances of the selected load capacitor and dummy load capacitor is kept within a predetermined range. A feedback circuit executes a filtering process on the drive signal so that a frequency characteristic of a passing band of the drive signal becomes substantially flat. The resulting signal is provided to the modulator as a feedback signal. The modulator executes the pulse modulation on a difference value between the drive waveform signal and the feedback signal.

The power flexibility of energy loads are maximized using a value function for each load and outputting optimal control parameters per load. These loads are aggregated into a virtual load by maximizing a global value function that includes the value function for each individual load. The solution yields a dispatch function providing: a percentage of energy to be assigned to each individual load, a possible time-varying power level within a time interval for each load, and control parameters and values. An economic term of the global value function represents the value of the power flexibility to different energy players. A user interface includes for each time interval upper and lower bounds representing respectively the maximum power that may be reduced to the virtual load and the maximum power that may be consumed by the virtual load. An energy trader modifies an energy level in a time interval relative to the reference curve for the virtual load. Automatically, energy compensation for the other intervals and recalculation of upper and lower boundaries occurs and is displayed. The energy schedule for the virtual load is distributed to the actual loads using the dispatch function.

A power-factor-corrected power supply adapted to supply power to one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs), comprises: a triac dimmer electrically connected between an alternating current source and a bridge rectifier; a damping circuit electrically connected between the alternating current source and the bridge rectifier; a bleeder circuit configured to conduct current between a supply terminal of the bridge rectifier and ground only when a triac in the triac dimmer is not conducting current; a fast startup circuit configured to conduct current between the supply terminal of the bridge rectifier and a voltage supply terminal of a power-factor-corrected controller when the triac dimmer is initially turned on until a supply voltage capacitor coupled to the voltage supply terminal of the power-factor-corrected controller has charged; a dimming slope control circuit configured to reduce a first voltage sensed at a current sensing terminal of the power-factor-corrected controller, such that a reduced amount of current is supplied to the one or more LEDs at a given firing angle, wherein the first voltage is representative of a current flowing through a primary winding of a flyback transformer; and a dummy load circuit provided in parallel with the one or more LEDs to draw a holding current for the triac only after the triac is turned on.

The invention relates to a system and a method for testing power supply properties. The system for testing the power supply properties comprises a computer, a DC power supply, an electronic load supply, an oscilloscope and a heater. An operator can operate the computer to control the DC power supply, the electronic load supply and the heater to respectively provide DC input voltage, virtual load and environmental temperature required by measurement for a device to be tested, and utilizes the oscilloscope to acquire the property value / wave of an input power supply and the property value / wave of an output power supply of the device to be tested; and the oscilloscope sends the property value / wave of the input power supply and the property value / wave of the output power supply back to the computer for the confirmation of the operator, and the aim of automatically testing the power supply properties of the device to be tested is achieved. The system and the method can automatically test the power supply properties of the device to be tested at a preset environmental temperature to achieve the aims of saving time and saving human resources, and simultaneously can ensure that the device to be tested is in accordance with the requirement of each power supply property at the design stage.

A lamp heater and a drying apparatus including the same, the lamp heater including a plurality of three-phase power source lamps, a dummy load, the dummy load being configured to maintain a phase balance of the three-phase power source lamps, and a controller, the controller controlling the three-phase power source lamps and the dummy load depending on a lighting condition of the three-phase power source lamps.

The invention herein is fallback function communications device comprised of a microprocessor, utilized to perform a predetermined operation and processing of a predetermined input signal and then output a corresponding signal, as well as a minimum of one relay circuit having an amplifier circuit and a relay. The terminal at the first side of the relay is connected to the telephone line tip / ring terminal, while the terminal at the second side of the relay is connected to the Public Services Telephone Network (PSTN) tip / ring terminal of the microprocessor. An off-hook detection circuit is connected to the PSTN tip / ring terminal and also connected to the ring detection terminal of the said microprocessor. A dummy load circuit is connected to the tip terminal and the ring terminal of the PSTN. As such, in the event of Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) system failure, the present invention is capable of automatically switching to the PSTN and thereby maintain telephone system operation.

Disclosed are electronic control gears for LED light engines able to improve power factor by way of gearing up or down the LED current and the AC input current in response to and in synchronization with the AC input voltage. Moreover, the disclosed electronic control gears could further reduce flicker phenomenon and total harmonic distortion when used in collocation with disclosed valley fillers, filling the LED current valleys only during the dead time, and in conjunction with disclosed dummy loads, ramping up or down the AC input current only during the dead time.

The invention is applicable to the field of LED power supplies, and provides an LED driving power supply and an LED light source; and the LED driving power supply comprises a rectifier filter circuit, a dimming mode detection circuit, a remote control receiving module, a dummy load circuit, a main power converter, a secondary rectifier filter circuit and a main control integrated circuit. The invention can automatically detect various dimmers so as to automatically select to enter the corresponding dimming modes and achieve the multi-purposed effect. The LED driving power supply is applicableto phase-cut dimmer, button switch dimming and remote dimming without changing wiring and installing other LED driving power supplies.

A power conversion device includes an inverter circuit converting DC power into AC power and including switching devices constituting upper and lower arms, a control circuit controlling the switching devices, a drive circuit driving the switching devices by a signal from the control circuit, and an insulated power supply circuit supplying power to the drive circuit. The control circuit controls a power supply voltage to be outputted from the power supply circuit to the drive circuit. The drive circuit drives the switching devices and based on a carrier frequency and the power supply voltage. The power supply circuit includes a feedback output circuit through which the voltage outputted to the drive circuit is outputted to a power supply control IC. The feedback output circuit includes a dummy load circuit which controls the voltage to be outputted to the power supply control IC based on a change of the carrier frequency.

This invention provides a battery degradation determining apparatus capable of deduce the capacity of a storage battery. In the battery degradation determination method, the battery degradation state of the battery to be measured is determined. The apparatus reduces the voltage output from a rectifier supplying power to a load, measures current flowing from the rectifier for connecting the battery to be measured to the output side in parallel and the battery to the load connected to the output of the rectifier in parallel and a dummy load device connected to the output of the rectifier in parallel separately from the load; controls the load of the dummy load device, such that the measured current is a predetermined current value; and calculates the remaining capacity of the battery, based on the discharge time of the discharge current of discharging the battery to the load and the dummy load device and the terminal voltage of the battery, corresponding to the discharge current at the discharge time, by referring to a battery data storage section for storing battery data indicating the relation among the discharge time, the terminal voltage, and the residual capacity at a predetermined current of the battery to be measured.

The present invention provides a power supply apparatus including a system linkage inverter. The power supply apparatus has a simple facility structure and is capable of accurately supplying a dummy load with excessive electric power that changes from time to time. The power supply apparatus has a system linkage inverter (13) for inversely transforming DC electric power into AC electric power and supplying the AC electric power to a load (17) connected to a system power supply (20), a dummy load (21) connected parallel to the load (17) through a power device (22), a circuit (28) for detecting electric power flowing from the load to the system power in every constant time, a calculating unit (29) for accumulating the detected electric power, and a control unit (30) for turning on and off the power device for the dummy load based on a state value of an electric power flow calculated by the calculating unit.

Method and apparatus for changing the state of operation of a fuel cell, such as starting the fuel cell up or shutting the fuel cell down, are disclosed. An idle load is applied to the fuel cell when the cell temperature is between about normal operating temperature and a transition temperature, and fuel and oxidizer are supplied to the fuel cell commensurate with the power delivered to the idle load. Below the transition temperature, purging / passivation procedures known in the art can be followed, and an open or dummy load applied to the fuel cell. At normal operating temperature or above a service load is applied to the fuel cell.

A signal is described herein that provides light output for automotive, rail, ship traffic and / or illumination control that includes a light emitting diode (LED) array, wherein the LED array includes three groups of disparate colored LEDs. A power supply unit provides independent power to each of the three LED groups. Each LED group power supply unit includes an input controlled switch connected to a power line to provide power to the LED array. An input under voltage / over voltage circuit monitors the voltage level of the power line and for enabling and / or disables the input controlled switch according to the voltage level of the power line. A flyback transformer converts the power received from the power line from an alternating or a continuous current signal to a direct current signal output to the LED array. A dummy load draws power additional to the LED array and a dummy load detection circuit monitors the dummy load to insure that the power drawn by the load is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold. A light out detection circuit monitors the light output of the LED array via an optical sensor.

The inventive dummy load is mounted on the input power cables of a traffic signal while managing the heat load generated by either a resistive and / or capacitive load. Using the inventive dummy load, there is no thermal path back to the light emitting diode (LED) board. The inventive dummy load may be easly installed, removed, or replaced. The dummy load can be retrofit to adapt to a new controller, either by adding to or replacing the dummy load after initial installation or by removing part or all of the dummy load. There is no need to breach the sealed lamp to adjust the dummy load. Thus, field-adjustments can be made. Further, the number of parts required to manufacture lamps for a variety of retrofit applications are reduced, which in turn reduces the cost and complexity of the lamp.

The present invention introduces testing device and method used for testing a plurality of Battery protection circuit modules to be tested at the same time. Said testing device includes virtual power cells, a virtual charger and virtual loads. By applying the testing device in accordance with the present invention, one can execute tests for a plurality of tests such as over charging electric voltage detection, over charging load bearing electric voltage detection, overdischarging electric voltage detection, overdischarging load bearing electric voltage detection, rechargeable / redischargeable performances and excessive voltaic blocking capability, at short time and according to programmable controllers. In accordance with the present invention, the battery protection circuit module is not be departed during a test process, then the hand-manipulated time is very short and the test can be completed very safely. Therefore, the total test time is shortened.

A first side circuit connected to a primary coil of a transformer includes a main switching element driving the primary coil, and a control circuit which detects an output voltage to feedback and drives and controls the main switching element so as to keep constant the output voltage by acquiring a voltage induced in a tertiary coil of the transformer. A secondary side circuit of the transformer includes a dummy load circuit connected to the output terminal, a detection circuit which detects a secondary coil voltage of the transformer, and a dummy load control circuit which is controlled by the detection circuit and controls so as to flow current flow through the dummy load circuit only in a state of a light load.

A switching power supply apparatus according to the present invention includes a switching device and a control circuit, and the control circuit includes: a control terminal through which an auxiliary power voltage is supplied; an error amplifier which generates a difference voltage depending on a difference between a control terminal voltage and a first reference voltage; a device current detection circuit which generates a device current detection signal indicating an amount of a current flowing in the switching device; a drive circuit which generates a drive pulse signal having a duty cycle based on a difference between the difference voltage and the device current detection signal and drives the switching device by using the generated drive pulse signal; and a dummy load circuit through which a dummy load current flows from the control terminal when the difference voltage becomes equal to or higher than a second reference voltage.

A method and a reference circuit for bias current switching are provided for implementing an integrated temperature sensor. A first bias current is generated and constantly applied to a thermal sensing diode. A second bias current is provided to the thermal sensing diode by selectively switching a multiplied current from a current multiplier to the thermal sensing diode or to a load diode. The reference circuit includes a reference current source coupled to current mirror. The current mirror provides a first bias current to a thermal sensing diode. The current mirror is coupled to a current multiplier that provides a multiplied current. A second bias current to the thermal sensing diode includes the first bias current and the multiplied current from the current multiplier. The second bias current to the thermal sensing diode is provided by selectively switching the multiplied current between the thermal sensing diode and a dummy load diode.