142results about How to "Sufficient current" patented technology

The invention disclosed herein is a dynamic dummy load to allow a phase control dimmer to be used with LED lighting. The invention includes providing a dynamic dummy load to provide a load to the dimmer when the LED electronics do not provide sufficient load due to start up issues or ringing in the circuit, the dynamic dummy load providing a reduced flow of current when the LED and its converter electronics provide sufficient current draw from the dimmer. The system generally includes a power source electrically connected to a phase control dimmer, the phase control dimmer electrically connected to converter circuitry to convert the AC power output of the dimmer to DC power output for powering the LED lighting, a dynamic dummy load electrically connected in parallel with the converter circuitry, the dummy load varying its current draw in response to operation of the converter circuitry.

Systems and methods are provided for performing electrosurgical interventions, such as selectively contracting soft collagen tissue and other body structures, while limiting thermal damage or molecular dissociation of such tissue and limiting the thermal damage to tissue adjacent to and underlying the treatment site. The systems and methods of the present invention are particularly useful for surgical procedures in electrically conducting environments, such as arthroscopic procedures in the joints, e.g., shoulder, knee, hip, hand, foot, elbow or the like. The present invention is also useful in relatively dry environments, such as treating and shaping the cornea, and dermatological procedures involving surface tissue contraction of tissue underlying the surface of the skin for tissue rejuvenation, wrinkle removal and the like.

A traffic warning system which alerts approaching vehicle traffic to the presence of a pedestrian in a crosswalk. The system includes a plurality of surface mounted lights partially embedded in and placed across a roadway. The lights are activated by the pedestrian, either by manual switch or by a sensor, before he enters the crosswalk. Once activated, the flashing lights warn drivers of approaching vehicles that the pedestrian may have entered the crosswalk, and that caution should be exercised.

Conductive materials that have low coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) and that are used for power and ground planes are disclosed. Fibrous materials (such as carbon, graphite, glass, quartz, polyethylene, and liquid crystal polymer fibers) with low CTEs are metallized to provide a resultant conductive material with a low CTE. Such fibers may be metallized in their individual state and then formed into a fabric, or these materials may be formed into a fabric and then metallized or a combination of both metallizations may be used. In addition, a graphite or carbon sheet may be metallized on one or both sides to provide a material that has a low CTE and high conductivity. These metallized, low CTE power and ground planes may be laminated with other planes / cores into a composite, or laminated into a core which is then laminated with other planes / cores into a composite. The resultant composite may be used for printed circuit boards (PCBs) or PCBs used as laminate chip carriers.

A device and method for gait training, such as for rehabilitation of a person after a stroke is provided. In some embodiments, the device comprises a stimulator, preferably electric stimulator, for provoking a spinal cord withdrawal reflex in the person by stimulation on the person's foot in response to a control signal. Hereby, the person's leg will move and initiate a gait swing. A sensor is placed to sense movement of the leg and provide a feedback signal accordingly. A processor unit with a processor runs a control algorithm which calculates the control signal in response to the feedback signal. Thus, the method is based on a closed-loop design, and the control signal is preferably calculated for each walking step, and it is preferably based on the feedback signal obtained from the preceding walking step. Hereby reflex habituation can be accounted for. Preferably, the stimulator has a plurality of stimulator channels with electrodes placed on different sites distributed on the sole of the foot and on the heel. The feedback signal may be based on accelerometer(s), and / or gyroscope(s), and / or goinometer(s) positioned on the leg and / or foot, e.g. partly or fully integrated in an in-sole for a shoe etc.

Power and ground planes used in Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) having porous, conductive materials allow liquids (e.g., water and / or other solvents) to pass through the power and ground planes, thus decreasing failures in PCBs (or PCBs used as laminate chip carriers) caused by cathodic / anodic filament growth and delamination of insulators. Porous conductive materials suitable for use in PCBs may be formed by using metal-coated organic cloths (such as polyester or liquid crystal polymers) or fabrics (such as those made from carbon / graphite or glass fibers), using metal wire mesh instead of metal sheets, using sintered metal, or making metal sheets porous by forming an array of holes in the metal sheets. Fabrics and mesh may be woven or random. If an array of holes is formed in a metal sheet, such an array may be formed with no additional processing steps than are performed using conventional PCB assembly methods.

The electrical apparatus suspension unit 1 is provided with two power supply wires 20-1 and 20-2 by which the electrical apparatus 3 is conducted and suspended from the ceiling 5. Each of the wires 20 is connected to the hung member of the electrical apparatus 3 at the lower end by the a lower holder 40, and connected to the rail 9 laid on the ceiling 5 at the upper end by an upper holder 100. The power supply wire 20 comprises a core wire 21, an insulating layer 23 covering the core wire 21 and an outer layer 25 covering the insulating layer 23. The core wire 21 of the power supply wire 20-1 conducts to a grounded conductor cable W1 and the core wire 21 of another power supply wire 20-2 conducts to a voltage applied conductor cable W2. The power supply wires 20 having high tensile strength enables to suspend the electrical apparatus and also supply power thereto.

An electrical energy storage device for storing electrical energy and supplying the electrical energy to a driving motor at different power levels is disclosed. The electrical storage device has an energy battery connected to a power battery. The energy battery has a higher energy density than the power battery. However, the power battery can provide electrical power to the electrical motor at different power rates, thereby ensuring that the motor has sufficient power and current when needed. The power battery can be recharged by the energy storage battery. In this way, the power battery temporarily stores electrical energy received from the energy battery and both batteries can provide electrical energy at the different power rates as required by the motor. The energy storage device can be releasably connected to an external power source in order to recharge both batteries. Both batteries can be recharged independently to optimize the recharging and lifetime characteristics of the batteries.

This invention pertains to methods assembly of organic molecules and electrolytes in hybrid electronic. In one embodiment, a is provided that involves contacting a surface / electrode with a compound if formula: R-L2-M-L1-Z1 where Z1 is a surface attachment group; L1 and L2 are independently linker or covalent bonds; M is an information storage molecule; and R is a protected or unprotected reactive site or group; where the contacting results in attachment of the redox-active moiety to the surface via the surface attachment group; and ii) contacting the surface-attached information storage molecule with an electrolyte having the formula: J-Q where J is a charged moiety (e.g., an electrolyte); and Q is a reactive group that is reactive with the reactive group (R) and attaches J to the information storage molecule thereby patterning the electrolyte on the surface.

Disclosed is a binder for electrode formation, which is obtained by dispersing a polyolefin resin containing 50 to 98% by mass of an unsaturated hydrocarbon having 3 to 6 carbon atoms and 0.5 to 20% by mass of an unsaturated carboxylic acid unit in an aqueous medium together with a basic compound. This binder for electrode formation is also characterized in that the content of a nonvolatile water-compatibilizing agent is 5 parts by mass or less per 100 parts by mass of the polyolefin resin.

A display device of which frame can be narrowed and of which display characteristics are excellent is provided. In a display device including a switch portion or a buffer portion, a logic circuit portion, and a pixel portion, the pixel portion includes a first inverted staggered TFT and a pixel electrode which is connected to a wiring of the first inverted staggered TFT, the switch portion or the buffer portion includes a second inverted staggered TFT in which a first insulating layer, a semiconductor layer, and a second insulating layer are interposed between a first gate electrode and a second gate electrode, the logic circuit portion includes an inverter circuit including a third inverted staggered thin film transistor and a fourth inverted staggered thin film transistor, and the first to the fourth inverted staggered thin film transistors have the same polarity. The inverter circuit may be an EDMOS circuit.

In a power supply voltage converting circuit using a charge pump circuit having a switch device (Nch MOS transistor Qn(12) and Pch MOS transistor Qp(12)) in an output unit, a first clamp circuit (13) diode-clamps a switching pulse voltage (control pulse voltage) for the switch device at the time of starting the power supply voltage converting circuit, and a second clamp circuit (16) clamps the switching pulse voltage at a ground level (negative side circuit power supply potential) on the basis of a clamp pulse obtained by using an output voltage Vout at the time of an end of the starting process. A sufficient driving voltage is thereby provided for the Pch MOS transistor Qp(12) in particular. Thus, a power supply voltage converting circuit that can obtain a high current capacity on a small-area circuit scale, a control method thereof, a display apparatus having the power supply voltage converting circuit as a power supply circuit, and a portable terminal having the display apparatus are provided.

A light-emitting diode (LED) device includes first and second LED dies with the same structure and that are both encapsulated by the same silicone layer. The first LED is supplied with sufficient drive current to illuminate the LED. Control circuitry supplies the second LED with a constant current, determines the voltage across the second LED, and calculates the temperature of the second LED based on the voltage across the second LED. The constant current has a maximum magnitude that never exceeds the maximum magnitude of the drive current. The LED device is able to calculate the temperature of a diode with a gallium-nitride layer (GaN or GaInN) that is receiving a large drive current and emitting blue light by determining the voltage across an adjacent similar diode with a gallium-nitride layer through which a small constant current is flowing. Preferably, the band gap of the LEDs exceeds two electron volts.

In bottom-gate-type thin film transistors used in a liquid crystal display device, a channel stopper layer is formed on a poly-Si layer thus stabilizing a characteristic of the thin film transistor. The channel stopper layer is formed into a desired shape by wet etching, and the poly-Si layer is formed into a desired shape by dry etching. By applying side etching to the channel stopper layer, a peripheral portion of the poly-Si layer is exposed from the channel stopper layer, and this region is brought into contact with an n+Si layer. Due to such constitution, ON resistance of the thin film transistor can be decreased thus increasing an ON current which flows in the thin film transistor.

A vertical pass transistor used in a DRAM cell for maintaining a low total leakage current and providing adequate drive current is described together with a method of fabricating such a device. The transistor gate is engineered in lieu of the channel. The vertical pass transistor for the DRAM cell incorporates two gate materials having different work functions. The gate material near the storage node is n-type doped polysilicon. The gate material near the bit line diffusion is made of silicide or metal having a higher work function than the n-polysilicon. The novel device structure shows several advantages: the channel doping is reduced while maintaining a high Vt and a low sub-threshold leakage current; the carrier mobility improves with the reduced channel doping; the body effect of the device is reduced which improves the write back current; and the sub-threshold swing is reduced because of the low channel doping.

An electrical energy storage device for storing electrical energy and supplying the electrical energy to a driving motor at different power levels is disclosed. The electrical storage device has an energy battery connected to a power battery. The energy battery has a higher energy density than the power battery. However, the power battery can provide electrical power to the electrical motor at different power rates, thereby ensuring that the motor has sufficient power and current when needed. The power battery is continuously recharged by the energy storage battery. In this way, the power battery temporarily stores electrical energy received from the energy battery and provides the electrical energy at the different power rates as required by the motor. The energy storage device can be releasably connected to an external power source in order to recharge both batteries. Both batteries can be recharged independently to optimize the recharging and lifetime characteristics of the batteries.

Described is a system and method for synthesizing polymeric molecules such as oligonucleotides and polypeptides. The system is capable of continuously synthesizing molecules by providing an array of reaction sites and an array of stations for carrying out synthetic manipulations. The reaction sites in the former array can be placed in a fixed order and at fixed intervals relative to each other. Similarly, the stations can be placed in a fixed order and at fixed intervals relative to each other. The two arrays can be moved relative to each other such that the stations carry out desired steps of a reaction scheme at each reaction site. The relative locations of the stations and the schedule for the relative movement can correlate with the order and duration of reaction steps in the reaction scheme such that once a reaction site has completed a cycle of interacting with the full array of stations then the reaction scheme is complete.

Memory devices are described along with methods for manufacturing. A memory device as described herein comprises a plurality of word lines overlying a plurality of bit lines, and a plurality of field effect transistors. Field effect transistors in the plurality of field effect transistors comprises a first terminal electrically coupled to a corresponding bit line in the plurality of bit lines, a second terminal overlying the first terminal, and a channel region separating the first and second terminals and adjacent a corresponding word line in the plurality of word lines. The corresponding word line acts as the gate of the field effect transistor. A dielectric separates the corresponding word line from the channel region. A memory plane comprises programmable resistance memory material electrically coupled to respective second terminals of the field effect transistors, and conductive material on the programmable resistance memory material and coupled to a common voltage.

A voltage level shifter apparatus is provided. The voltage level shifter apparatus includes a first dynamic-bias generator, a second dynamic-bias generator, and a level supply circuit. The first dynamic-bias generator dynamically outputs a first bias signal, wherein the level of the first bias signal is determined in accordance with the received input data signal. The second dynamic-bias generator outputs a second bias signal, wherein the level of the second bias signal is determined in accordance with the received input data signal. Besides receiving the input data signal, the level supply circuit is further coupled to the first dynamic-bias generator and the second dynamic-bias generator for receiving the first bias signal and the second bias signal, and generating the output data signal in accordance with the input data signal, the first bias signal, and the second bias signal.

An electrical energy storage device for storing electrical energy and supplying the electrical energy to a driving motor at different power levels is disclosed. The electrical storage device has an energy battery connected to a power battery. The energy battery has a higher energy density than the power battery. However, the power battery can provide electrical power to the electrical motor at different power rates, thereby ensuring that the motor has sufficient power and current when needed. The power battery can be recharged by the energy storage battery. In this way, the power battery temporarily stores electrical energy received from the energy battery and both batteries can provide electrical energy at the different power rates as required by the motor. The energy storage device can be releasably connected to an external power source in order to recharge both batteries. Both batteries can be recharged independently to optimize the recharging and lifetime characteristics of the batteries.

A method, apparatus, and computer instructions for provisioning grid resources for a set of grid services. The service performance for the set of grid services is monitored. The set of grid services has a set of service level agreements. In response to monitoring service performance, a determination is made as to whether current allocations of grid resources is sufficient to maintain performance levels for the set of grid services to meet the set of service level objectives. In response to the current allocations being insufficient to maintain the performance levels, the current allocations of the grid resources are dynamically reallocated or provisioned for the set of grid services to maintain service levels for the set of grid services.

Conductive materials that have low coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) and that are used for power and ground planes are disclosed. Fibrous materials (such as carbon, graphite, glass, quartz, polyethylene, and liquid crystal polymer fibers) with low CTEs are metallized to provide a resultant conductive material with a low CTE. Such fibers may be metallized in their individual state and then formed into a fabric, or these materials may be formed into a fabric and then metallized or a combination of both metallizations may be used. In addition, a graphite or carbon sheet may be metallized on one or both sides to provide a material that has a low CTE and high conductivity. These metallized, low CTE power and ground planes may be laminated with other planes / cores into a composite, or laminated into a core which is then laminated with other planes / cores into a composite. The resultant composite may be used for printed circuit boards (PCBs) or PCBs used as laminate chip carriers.

A phase change memory device, comprising a phase change memory device; a semiconductor substrate; a MOS transistor disposed at each intersection of a plurality of word lines and a plurality of bit lines arranged in a matrix form; a plurality of phase change memory elements for storing data of a plurality of bits, each formed on an upper area opposite to a diffusion layer of the MOS transistor in a phase change layer made of phase change material; a lower electrode structure for electrically connecting each of the plurality of phase change memory elements to the diffusion layer of the MOS transistor.

An organic light emitting device includes a substrate, first and second signal lines formed on the substrate, a switching thin film transistor (“TFT”) connected to the first and second signal lines and including a first semiconductor, a driving TFT including a second semiconductor, an etch stopper formed on the second semiconductor, driving input and driving output electrodes overlapping the etch stopper and the second semiconductor and opposite to each other with respect to the etch stopper, and a driving control electrode connected to the switching TFT and overlapping the second semiconductor, a first electrode connected to the driving output electrode, a second electrode opposite to the first electrode, and an organic light emitting member, wherein at least one of the etch stopper, the driving input electrode, and the driving output electrode is symmetrical with respect to one straight line.

Power source lines (183) for supplying drive current from power source input terminals (180) to organic EL elements (160) formed in a display pixel region having display pixels are connected by a bypass line (181) along the row direction within the display pixel region. This arrangement minimizes decrease in power source current caused by resistance of the power source lines (183) according to the line length. Accordingly, the organic EL elements (160) can adequately receive the actual desired current, thereby achieving an organic EL device capable of bright displays and having uniform display luminance within the display region.

Described is a system and method for synthesizing polymeric molecules such as oligonucleotides and polypeptides. The system is capable of continuously synthesizing molecules by providing an array of reaction sites and an array of stations for carrying out synthetic manipulations. The reaction sites in the former array can be placed in a fixed order and at fixed intervals relative to each other. Similarly, the stations can be placed in a fixed order and at fixed intervals relative to each other. The two arrays can be moved relative to each other such that the stations carry out desired steps of a reaction scheme at each reaction site. The relative locations of the stations and the schedule for the relative movement can correlate with the order and duration of reaction steps in the reaction scheme such that once a reaction site has completed a cycle of interacting with the full array of stations then the reaction scheme is complete.