The invention relates to an environment-friendly efficient water-based dry cleaning agent for airplane maintenance. The environment-friendly efficient water-based dry cleaning agent is composed of thefollowing components in parts by weight: 5-20 parts of compound surfactant, 0.1-3 parts of complexing agent, 2-12 parts of composite metal corrosion inhibitor, 0.05-0.6 part of film-forming agent, 0.5-12 parts of cosolvent and the balance of deionized water (complementing to 100 parts). The dry cleaning agent contains no hazardous substances, such as heavy metal, strong base, nitrite, phosphorus,amine and amide, contains no high-toxicity and high-volatility organic solvents, such as hydrochloric ether, phenol and ketone, is physiologically harmless, is easy to biodegrade and is mild, free from flashing point, multifunctional, high-efficient, safe, environment-friendly and energy-saving; the dry cleaning agent has excellent effects of cleaning and protecting paint, is capable of quickly and thoroughly cleaning various light and heavy oil stains and complex dirt on airplane surface, has an excellent dry cleaning effect, can keep clean for a long time and is capable of effectively reducing frictional resistance in flight; after dry cleaning, a protective layer is formed, so that the generation rate of dirt on the airplane surface is reduced.