The invention discloses a temperature-sensitive phase-change gel material for inhibiting spontaneous combustion of coal as well as a preparation method and an application of the temperature-sensitive phase-change gel material. The temperature-sensitive phase-change gel material comprises the following components: a water-absorbing monomer polyethylene glycol, methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, magnesium hydroxide, a bentonite suspension, a kaolin suspension and the balance of water at 40-50 DEG C, and the temperature-sensitive phase-change gel material is prepared by blending and weak crosslinking. For an inclined coal seam, after the temperature-sensitive phase-change gel material and a temperature-sensitive coating inhibitor are uniformly mixed, a mixture has relatively strong fluidity in an initial low-temperature state, coating small balls can be transported to a goaf and a coal seam prone to spontaneous combustion through a pipeline, and the effect of bonding the coating small balls to the inclined coal seam is achieved; if the temperature of the coal seam is raised to 60-70 DEG C through spontaneous combustion, the temperature-sensitive coating releases the inhibition solution, the temperature-sensitive colloid makes contact with the inhibition solution, salting-out occurs, phase change occurs at about 78 DEG C, the temperature-sensitive colloid permeates into coal seam cracks and is dehydrated to generate a quasi-solid with a film, and 70 DEG C wax combustion of the temperature-sensitive coating inhibitor is effectively inhibited. The long-term low-temperature oxidation inhibition and high-temperature flame-retardant effects on the coal are realized.