The invention discloses a quick analysis method of content of a theanine in fresh tea leaf sample. The quick analysis method is characterized by including: smashing and well mixing the fresh tea leaf sample, using ultrapure water as an extraction solvent, extracting at 90 DEG C for 20min, centrifugally filtering, using 6-aminoquinoline-N-hydroxysuccinimido carbamate as a derivating agent for pre-column derivatization, using an XBridge C18 chromatographic column for gradient elution, and using a high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector for separating detection. The method is quick and simple in sample separation, low in cost, good in precision, accuracy, stability and linear relation, quick and sensitive in whole analysis process, high in repeatability and suitable for quick analysis of teanine in the fresh tea leaf sample.