The invention discloses a breeding method for early-maturing and
disease-resistant broccoli, and belongs to the technical field of
plant cultivation. Buds, suitable for
microspore breeding, between the mid-late uninucleate stage and the dicaryon early stage of broccoli and cauliflower breeding materials are utilized for
microspore breeding, a lot of regeneration plants are created, the excellent DH plants are screened out for
selfing, DH strains stable in botanical character, good in combining ability and large in
pollen quantity are obtained, and artificial
emasculation is performed at the flowering phase to prepare first-filial generation seeds F1; after generation adding treatment is performed on the seeds F1, excellent single plants with the botanical character similar to that of the broccoli are selected for
selfing at the
bud stage to obtain F2, then through generation adding and three-generation continuous
selfing at the
bud stage, excellent and stable selfing incompatible strains 15-12-7-8-1 and 12-11-9-2-1 are selectively bred, and then the early-maturing and
disease-resistant broccoli is obtained through hybridization. By the adoption of the selfing incompatible strains for hybridization, the character of the
reciprocal cross plants is uniform, and the yield of the production seeds is increased by above 50% compared with that of sterile line production seeds.