The invention provides a vacuum freeze dryer which comprises a material box, a water catching bin, a refrigerating unit, a heater, a
vacuum pump and a control device. The material box is communicated with the water catching bin. The water catching bin is connected with the
vacuum pump. The refrigerating unit and the heater are arranged outside the material box. The control device controls the refrigerating unit, the heater and the
vacuum pump. The material box is internally provided with a refrigerating
pipe and a heating
pipe at the same time, and the refrigerating
pipe and the heating pipe are used for freezing and
drying materials respectively. The inner wall of a material frame and the inner wall of the material box are each provided with a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensors monitor the temperature of the material frame and the temperature of the material box. Materials inside a material
bottle are frozen in advance to reach the eutectic point approximately, then the temperature is decreased rapidly, and the materials pass through the eutectic point within the short time as little as possible, so that the grain size of crystals is effectively controlled, the fine freeze-
drying powder is obtained, and the freeze-dried
powder product quality is improved. The freezing cavity and the
drying cavity are integrated, the technological steps are simplified, the occupied space is small, and refrigerating and heating are uniform.