The invention discloses a preparation method of a nanocellulose enhanced hemicellulose-based composite membrane. The method comprises the following steps: respectively dissolving and uniformly mixinghemicellulose, soy isolate protein and nanocellulose, adding a plasticizer, sufficiently and uniformly mixing, adding water to form a solution with the concentration of 2 to 6 percent, performing ultrasonic degassing, adopting tape casting to form a membrane, laying the membrane into a thermostat at 40 to 60 DEG C for 4 to 7h, drying, and peeling off the membrane, so as to obtain the nanocelluloseenhanced hemicellulose-based composite membrane. The composite membrane has a stereochemical network structure, can effectively improve the mechanical property by about 50 percent, is excellent in light transmission, and can be applied to packaging of vegetables, fruits and meat products.