A gold extraction agent and a gold extraction process using the gold extraction agent relate to the field of hydrometallurgy. The gold extracting agent comprises the following raw material components in parts by mass: 5-30 parts of leaching agent and 4-10 parts of leaching aid; wherein, the leaching agent includes halogenated five-membered cyclic imine, five-membered ring imide, cyanoacetamide and trichloroisocyanuric acid in one or more combinations; the soaking aids include KI, NaI, KBr, NaBr, NaCl, KCl, EDTA‑2Na, Na 2 CO 3 , CaCO 3 and one or more combinations of talcum powder. The gold extraction agent provided by the invention slowly releases halogens and various strong oxidizing free radicals during the reaction, has high activity, reacts quickly and efficiently to oxidize gold, and forms stable gold ions in the presence of extraction agents and leaching aids. Compared with cyanide, thiourea, chlorine and bromine and other gold leaching reagents, it is non-toxic or extremely low toxicity, so that the gold leaching rate can reach more than 90%.