The invention discloses a non-phosphorus water-based metal cleaner which is prepared from raw materials, namely, isodecanol polyoxyethylene ether, 1,3-butanediol, dodecanedioic acid, petroleum barium sulfonate, water, modified siloxane defoaming agent, sylvite, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, p-tertiary butyl benzoic acid, triazine polycarboxylic acid compounds, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, benzyl alcohol fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, isoundecanol polyoxyethylene ether, butyl cellosolve, n-hexane, glycol, glycerol, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, alkyl polymers or blocked polyether, castor oil polyoxyethylene ether, succinic acid derivative, boric acid, petroleum sodium sulfonate, imidazoline, methyl triazole, polyoxyethylene ether, fatty alcohol alcoxyl compounds, triazole, ether carboxylic acid organic chelating agents and the like. The non-phosphorus water-based metal cleaner is excellent in cleaning capability, long in anti-rusting period, low in foam, long in service life and applicable to ferrous metal and non-ferrous metal processing industry.