The invention discloses a water and fertilizer integrated precision management and control system and a control method. The water and fertilizer integrated precision management and control system comprises a head device and a field tail device, wherein the head device comprises an irrigation system, a fertilization system and a head control system, and the irrigation system comprises an irrigationpump, an irrigation pipeline, a pressure sensor, an irrigation flow meter, a filtration system and an irrigation valve; the fertilization system comprises a fertilization pump, a fertilization pipeline, a fertilization flow meter and a fertilization valve, and the field tail device comprises a tail irrigation system and a field control system; the tail irrigation system comprises a field pipeline, a solenoid valve and a drip irrigation pipe, and the field control system comprises a field control box, a field power module, an EC sensor and a moisture sensor. According to the water and fertilizer integrated precision management and control system disclosed by the invention, the moisture sensor and the EC sensor are arranged according to the optimal water and fertilizer absorption position at the root of the crop, and the applying amount and reaching position of water and fertilizer in the actual irrigation and fertilization are detected, so that the water and fertilizer waste are effectively avoided, and thus the water and fertilizer content in the root of the crop is not too high or too low, which promotes crop growth.