78results about How to "Increased hydrogen production" patented technology

A gasifier is disclosed combining a fixed bed gasification section where coarse fuel is gasified and an entrained flow gasification section where fine fuel is gasified. The fixed bed section includes upper and lower sections. Coarse fuel is devolatilized in the upper fixed bed section and subjected to elevated temperatures sufficient to crack and destroy tars and oils in the effluent gases. The entrained flow gasification section is disposed in a lower plenum adjacent the lower fixed bed section. A plurality of injection ports are configured to introduce oxygen, steam, or air into different sections of the gasifier to control temperature and operating conditions. Activated carbon may be formed in the upper fixed bed section and in the entrained flow section. The activated carbon may be used as a sorbent to remove pollutants from the effluent gases. The gasifier may be used with various coarse and fine fuel feedstocks.

Disclosed are strategies for the economical microbial generation of hydrogen, useful as an alternative energy source, from hydrocarbon-rich deposits such as coal, oil and / or gas formations, oil shale, bitumen, tar sands, carbonaceous shale, peat deposits and sediments rich in organic matter through the management of the metabolism of microbial consortia.

Described herein is a fuel processor that produces hydrogen from a fuel source. The fuel processor comprises a reformer and burner. The reformer includes a catalyst that facilitates the production of hydrogen from the fuel source. Voluminous reformer chamber designs are provided that increase the amount of catalyst that can be used in a reformer and increase hydrogen output for a given fuel processor size. The burner provides heat to the reformer. One or more burners may be configured to surround a reformer on multiple sides to increase thermal transfer to the reformer. Dewars are also described that increase thermal management of a fuel processor and increase burner efficiency. A dewar includes one or more dewar chambers that receive inlet air before a burner receives the air. The dewar is arranged such that air passing through the dewar chamber intercepts heat generated in the burner before the heat escapes the fuel processor.

The present invention involves increasing the quantum efficiency in titania photocatalysts for photocatalytic (oxidation of acetaldehyde) and photosynthetic (photosplitting of water) reactions by integrating the titania photocatalyst with a polar mineral having surface electrical fields due to pyroelectric and piezoelectric effects, and by adjusting the nanostructure of the photocatalyst materials. The photocatalytic reactivity of titania powder is increased due to the effect of electric field present on the surface of polar mineral material on the photocatalytic effect of commercial titania with respect to photolysis of water. Additionally, the photocatalytic performance of pure phase rutile and anatase nanostructures with well defined morphologies was found to improved with respect to certain photocatalytic reactions in comparison with non-structured titania.

A method and apparatus for producing a hydrogen containing product in which hydrocarbon containing feed gas streams are reacted in a steam methane reformer of an existing hydrogen plant and a catalytic reactor that reacts hydrocarbons, oxygen and steam. The catalytic reactor is a retrofit to the existing hydrogen plant to increase hydrogen production. The resulting synthesis gas streams are combined, cooled, subjected to water-gas shift and then introduced into a production apparatus that can be a pressure swing adsorption unit. The amount of synthesis gas contained in a shifted stream made available to the production apparatus is increased by virtue of the combination of the synthesis gas streams to increase production of the hydrogen containing product. The catalytic reactor is operated such that the synthesis gas stream produced by such reactor is similar to that produced by the steam methane reformer and at a temperature that will reduce oxygen consumption within the catalytic reactor.

Consuming water with increased hydrogen content can provide clinical benefits to humans and animals through a non-mitochondria alternative cellular energy (ACE) pathway and also as an antioxidant. This application discloses that the hydrogen content of drinking water can be safely increased by placing into the water a hydrogen generating device, such as a mixture of metallic magnesium and EH-101 (HB-101) containing solution, whereby the device allows for the selective passage of the generated hydrogen but restricts the passage of magnesium and EH-101 (HB-101) components. This partitioning of hydrogen from EH-101 (HB-101) components is achieved by using either reverse osmosis membrane, low density plastic material such as polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC or Saran), or low molecular weight cutoff dialysis membrane to create a sealed container of the magnesium and magnesium chloride, that can be placed into drinkable water. The EH-101 (HB-101) can be initially placed into a breakable inner compartment within the hydrogen permeable container. This compartment can be easily broken by simple squeezing just prior to placing the device into the water that is intended to have its hydrogen content increased. The increased hydrogen content can be assessed by the capacity of the water to decolorize a potassium permanganate test sample.

A nonporous metal carbonate membrane for selective separation of CO2 from a CO2-containing fluid having a porous substrate having a feed side and a permeate side. The membrane is also suitable for removal of H2S that may be present in the fluid.

This invention provides a process for the activation of a metallic palladium containing catalyst which is useful for the direct oxidation of hydrogen by oxygen to hydrogen peroxide, by treating the catalyst with an oxidising agent in order to at least partially oxidise the metallic palladium contained in the catalyst to palladium (TT) oxide. The selectivity and yield of the catalyst for hydrogen peroxide are observed to increase substantially and the hydrogen peroxide decomposition activity of the catalyst is drastically reduced.

A hydrogen generating system includes a housing defining an interior chamber, an electrolyte solution contained within the interior chamber of the housing, and an electrode plate assembly disposed in the interior chamber of the housing and at least in part submerged in the electrolyte solution. The electrode plate assembly comprises a cathode plate, an anode plate separate from the cathode plate and disposed in spaced relationship therewith, and at least one neutral plate separate from both the anode plate and the cathode plate and disposed therebetween in spaced relationship with the anode plate and the cathode plate.

This invention provides a process for the activation of a metallic palladium containing catalyst which is useful for the direct oxidation of hydrogen by oxygen to hydrogen peroxide, by treating the catalyst with an oxidising agent in order to at least partially oxidise the metallic palladium contained in the catalyst to palladium (TT) oxide. The selectivity and yield of the catalyst for hydrogen peroxide are observed to increase substantially and the hydrogen peroxide decomposition activity of the catalyst is drastically reduced.

Process for cooling an exothermic reaction zone by introducing a stream of water and a hydrocarbon-containing stream into a plurality of humidifying tubes extending through a catalytic exothermic reaction zone of a catalytic fixed bed with solid catalyst, introducing a process stream into the reaction zone for one or more catalytic exothermic reactions, passing the stream of water in a falling film along the inner circumference of the humidifying tubes, humidifying the hydrocarbon-containing stream with water in the humidifying tubes in indirect heat exchange with the exothermic reaction zone, withdrawing cooled reaction product of the exothermic reaction from the reaction zone, withdrawing the heated humidified, hydrocarbon-containing stream from the humidifying tubes, and transferring the heated humidified, hydrocarbon-containing process stream for further processing.

Placed in a fuel reformer (5) is a catalyst (27) which exhibits an activity to the partial oxidation reaction of a source fuel. The source fuel, oxygen, and steam are supplied to the fuel reformer (5) such that the ratio O2 / C, i.e., the ratio of the number of moles of the oxygen to the number of moles of carbon of the source fuel, is not less than 0.9 times the O2 / C theoretical mixture ratio in the partial oxidation reaction, and the H2O / C ratio, i.e., the ratio of the number of moles of the steam to the number of the source fuel carbon moles is not less than 0.5, wherein the partial oxidation reaction occurs in the catalyst (27) to cause a water gas shift reaction to take place in which CO produced by the partial oxidation reaction is a reactant, for generation of hydrogen.

The present invention provides a process for the production of hydrogen from the catalytic partial oxidation of a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock (3) with molecular oxygen (4) over a partial oxidation catalyst (6), which process comprises: during a reaction time interval contacting a first mixture of the hydrocarbonaceous feedstock and molecular oxygen with an overall oxygen-to-carbon ratio in the range of from 0.3 to 0.8 with the partial oxidation catalyst to convert the feedstock to a hydrogen-comprising gas and during a regeneration time interval contacting a second mixture of the hydrocarbonaceous feedstock and molecular oxygen with an oxygen-to-carbon ratio in the range of from 1.0 to 10 with the partial oxidation catalyst, in which process the regeneration time interval is in the range of from 2 to 10 seconds and the ratio of the reaction time interval to the regeneration time interval is at most 40.

Disclosed are strategies for the economical microbial generation of hydrogen, useful as an alternative energy source, from hydrocarbon-rich deposits such as coal, oil and / or gas formations, oil shale, bitumen, tar sands, carbonaceous shale, peat deposits and sediments rich in organic matter through the management of the metabolism of microbial consortia.

A process and system for producing a synthetic hydrocarbon having a desired H / C ratio is disclosed. Organic material is biochemically digested in a two stage biodigester for separately producing a hydrogen containing biogas substantially free of methane in a first stage and a methane containing biogas in a second stage. The methane containing biogas is reformed in a first reformer to generate hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide gas, which are then combined in a mixer with the hydrogen containing biogas into a syngas in amounts to achieve in the syngas an overall H / C ratio substantially equal to the desired H / C ratio. The syngas is reacted with a catalyst in a second reformer, a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reactor, to produce the hydrocarbon. Using a two stage biodigester allows for the generation of separate hydrogen and methane streams, a more economical generation of the FT syngas and reduced fouling of the FT catalyst.

Exhaust gas, produced in a thermal reactor (1) that is fed with solid fuel can be cooled and in a gas cooler (4) which produce a condensate that is further cooled in a condensate cooler (7) which produce energy. By using air moisturizing and particle separation technology the exhaust gas and the excess condensate can be clean and the energy efficiency of the plant can be increased. The method can be used for a broad spectrum of fuels and conversion technologies.

A system and method for removing at least carbon from a fuel / air mixture prior to injection of the fuel / air mixture into a combustion system is disclosed. The system fully integrates the combined cycle power plant with carbon scrubbing of the fuel / air mixture to increase overall cycle efficiency while capturing carbon from the cycle. A portion of the compressed air source generated by the gas turbine compressor is provided to a premixer where it is mixed with a natural gas to form a fuel / air mixture. The fuel / air mixture passes through a catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reactor, which utilizes a precious metal to partially oxidize the hydrocarbons into carbon monoxide. The mixture passes through a shift reactor to complete generation of carbon dioxide and raise hydrogen yield of the fuel / air mixture. Carbon constituents are then removed from the mixture by a separator.

The apparatus includes: a hydrogen generation container provided with a magnesium-based hydride accommodation part accommodating magnesium-based hydride; a reaction water tank storing water or an aqueous solution; the pipes connected to the reaction water tank and the hydrogen generation container; a pump operating such as to suction water or the aqueous solution from the reaction water tank and then exhaust it through the pipes to the hydrogen generation container; a pressure gauge measuring the pressure in the inside of the hydrogen generation container; and a control unit, on the basis of the pressure value of the pressure gauge, controlling the amount of water caused to flow through the pipes by the pump.

A catalytic membrane reactor assembly for producing a hydrogen stream from a feed stream having liquid hydrocarbons, steam, and an oxygen source through the use of an autothermal reforming reaction, a water-gas-shift reaction, and a hydrogen permeable membrane.

The invention discloses clostridium beijerinckii for hydrogen generation via fermentation as well as a fermentation method and an application of the clostridium beijerinckii. The clostridium beijerinckii is preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC) of the China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms (CCCCM), and has the preservation number of CGMCC No.9411. The culture method of the clostridium beijerinckii comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out anaerobic culture on a freeze-stored liquid of the clostridium beijerinckii so as to obtain a cultured bacterial culture solution; centrifuging the bacterial culture solution and then resuspending thalli so as to obtain a resuspended bacterial solution taken as an inoculant source; inoculating the inoculant source into a hydrogen generation culture solution and carrying out photophobic culture on a constant-temperature shaking water bath for generating hydrogen until the hydrogen generation is finished. The clostridium beijerinckii can be fermented to generate hydrogen by utilizing a carbon source and a nitrogen source which are common in natural world and are difficultly utilized by the majority of microorganisms, and ethyl alcohol, butyl alcohol and other biofuels are generated while the hydrogen generation is carried out via the fermentation. The clostridium beijerinckii disclosed by the invention is the first novel multifunctional clostridium beijerinckii strain in the current report, and can be applied to the hydrogen generation of biomass via fermentation, the production of biofuels such as ethyl alcohol and butyl alcohol. Thus, the clostridium beijerinckii disclosed by the invention has a wide application prospect.

Photocatalysts and methods of using photocatalysts for synergistic production of hydrogen from water are disclosed. The photocatalysts include photoactive titanium dioxide particles having an anatase to rutile ratio of at least 1.5:1 and electrically conductive material deposited on the titanium dioxide particle.

The invention relates to the use of nonpassivated silicon to produce hydrogen, by hydrolysis of the nonpassivated silicon. In particular, the invention relates to a composition comprising nonpassivated silicon, a process for producing a composition comprising nonpassivated silicon, and a process for producing hydrogen by reacting the composition with water.

Food spoilage leads to food wastage, human morbidity and mortality. This food preservation takes advantage of use of Hydrogen Sulfide without or with Hydrogen or Helium into an environment where food is stored. The method delays food ripening, food spoilage, food decay and is safe, and preserves the natural characteristics of food, including color, flavor, aroma and texture. Hydrogen Sulfide treatment maintains higher activities of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and lower activities of lipoxygenase relative to un-treated controls. Hydrogen Sulfide also reduces malondialdehyde, Hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion to levels below those in control fruits during storage. Hydrogen and Helium are administered as gas and Hydrogen Sulfide is administered as a gas, liquid, or a Hydrogen Sulfide donor, within a closed environment or by providing Hydrogen Sulfide within the item. This also includes enhancement of innate endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide-Hydrogen production in the organisms including plants.

The invention relates to the field of new energy and sewage treatment, and aims at providing a preparation method of a cuprous oxide coated molding carbon material. The method comprises the followingsteps of grinding and cleaning a molding carbon material, and soaking in mixed solution of copper nitrate and a stabilizer; carrying out electric reduction treatment; washing with deionized water, andsoaking in the deionized water at room temperature; and carrying out vacuum drying under a dark condition to obtain the cuprous oxide coated molding carbon material. According to the method, the molding carbon material is used as a cuprous oxide substrate material for the first time and more conforms to the actual application requirements; a prepared product has remarkable photoelectric responseunder the visible light irradiation; the thickness of a cuprous oxide thin film can be adjusted by regulating the current density and the electrodeposition time; the preparation method is simple, thefilm forming effect is stable, and mass production is facilitated. The method is carried out at low temperature, the current density is small, the current utilization rate is high, and the energy costis low. The used electrolyte is low in heavy metal content and easy to treat.

The invention discloses thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum and application thereof to biological hydrogen production. The name of the thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum is thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum MJI, and the thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum with the preservation number of CGMCC No:60096 is preserved at the Microbial Strain Collection Center of Guangdong, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology on Floor 5, No. 59, No. 100 Courtyard, Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, the People's Republic of China on Oct. 31, 2016. The thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum has the following advantages that pentose and hexose can be directly utilized, xylose in acid pretreatment liquid can be directly utilized, and an additional acid pretreatment liquid detoxification process is not required; the hydrogen yield is higher; the hydrogen production efficiency is higher. Therefore, the thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum has wide application and popularization prospect in the biological hydrogen production.

Exemplary embodiments of methods and systems for hydrogen production using an electro-activated material (catalyst) are provided. The catalysts can be chosen from various elements that have characteristics that fall within a particular range. In some exemplary embodiments, a material can be electro-activated and used as a catalyst in a chemical reaction with a fuel such as water or another hydrogen containing molecule. Another fuel can also be added, such as aluminum, to generate hydrogen. Controlling the temperature of the reaction, the amount of the catalyst and / or the amounts of aluminum can provide hydrogen on demand at a desired rate of hydrogen generation.

Process for cooling an exothermic reaction zone byintroducing a stream of water and a hydrocarbon-containing stream into a plurality of humidifying tubes extending through a catalytic exothermic reaction zone of a catalytic fixed bed with solid catalyst,introducing a process stream into the reaction zone for one or more catalytic exothermic reactions,passing the stream of water in a falling film along the inner circumference of the humidifying tubes,humidifying the hydrocarbon-containing stream with water in the humidifying tubes in indirect heat exchange with the exothermic reaction zone,withdrawing cooled reaction product of the exothermic reaction from the reaction zone,withdrawing the heated humidified, hydrocarbon-containing stream from the humidifying tubes, andtransferring the heated humidified, hydrocarbon-containing process stream for further processing.