The invention provides a long-acting and antibacterial chitosan essence microcapsule preparation method, which specifically comprises: 1, preparing materials and experimental equipment, wherein essence, a chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG) and glutaraldehyde are selected as materials; 2, carrying out experimental operation on an aseptic operation table, weighing the raw materials by using an electronic analytical balance, weighing 5-7 g of the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, placing in a 250 ml flask, adding water, and dissolving to achieve a weight of 50-70 g;and 3, adding 0.02-1 g of the polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG) and 15-30 g of the essence to the flask, and stirring for 25-35 min by using a heat collection type constant temperature heating magnetic stirrer at a mechanical stirring speed of 1000 rpm / min to emulsify. According to the present invention, the microcapsules produced by the method have high essence content, have wide adaptability compared with other commercially available essence microcapsules, and further have advantages of efficient antibacterial property; and with the long-acting and antibacterial chitosan essence microcapsule, the fragrance forming effect on fabrics is good, the time of the fragrance retained on fabrics is long, the fragrance explosion after kneading can be achieved, and the fragrance is retained on the fabric after the fabric is washed five times.