The invention provides a method for the precise calibration of the absolute position of a
deep sea underwater transponder, which comprises the following steps of: 1, measuring a
sound propagation delay by using the request and response between a ship
transducer and a
seabed transponder at multiple measuring points; 2, measuring an absolute geodetic coordinate of each measuring point by using a GPS; 3, measuring sound velocity distribution on site in a sea area anchored by the
seabed transponder; 4, calculating an initial value of the absolute position of the
underwater transponder according to an average sound velocity and a
transducer position calibration equation; 5, calculating a horizontal distance from each measuring point to the
underwater transponder according to the initial value of the absolute position of the underwater transponder, the absolute geodetic coordinates of the measuring points, the
sound propagation delay and the sound velocity distribution; 6, calculating the horizontal coordinate of the underwater transponder according to the position of each measuring point and the horizontal distance, obtained by the step 5, from each measuring point to the underwater transponder; and 7, calculating a depth coordinate of the underwater transponder according to the position of each measuring point, the horizontal coordinate, obtained by the step 6, of the underwater transponder, the
sound propagation delay and the sound velocity distribution. The method for the precise calibration of the absolute position of the
deep sea underwater transponder can greatly improve working efficiency and enjoys a more obvious
advantage under a
deep sea condition.