77 results about "Triethylamine-N-oxide" patented technology

Methods of characterizing a test subject's risk of having or developing cardiovascular disease are provided. The methods include using an analytic device to determine levels of choline-related trimethylamine-containing compounds such as trimethylamine N-oxide, choline, or betaine in a biological sample obtained from the subject and comparing the levels of the choline-related trimethylamine-containing compound in the subject's biological sample to a control value. The test subject's risk of having cardiovascular disease is then characterized as higher if the levels of the choline-related trimethylamine-containing compound are higher than the control value. Also provided are methods of identifying a subject at risk of experiencing a complication of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and methods of evaluating the efficacy of a cardiovascular therapeutic agent in a subject with cardiovascular disease using levels of choline-related trimethylamine-containing compounds.

Provided are a kit and method for quantitatively detecting trimethylamine N-oxide. The method for quantitatively detecting trimethylamine N-oxide comprise the following steps of adding trimethylamine N-oxide in an aqueous solution of human serum albumin to prepare a series of trimethylamine N-oxide standard solutions with a concentration gradient, adding an internal standard substance and a precipitating agent to each standard solution respectively, centrifuging the obtained standard solutions, obtaining a series of supernatant, analyzing the supernatant by using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry respectively, and obtaining the ratio of the chromatographic peak area of trimethylamine N-oxide to that of the internal standard substance in each trimethylamine N-oxide standard solution and a relationship between the ratios and concentrations of trimethylamine N-oxide; adding the internal standard substance and the precipitating agent to a to-be-tested blood serum sample, conducting centrifugation, analyzing obtained supernatant by using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, obtaining the ratio of the chromatographic peak area of trimethylamine N-oxide to that of the internal standard substance in the to-be-tested blood serum sample, and obtaining the concentration of trimethylamine N-oxide in the to-be-tested blood serum sample according to the relationship between the ratios and the concentrations of trimethylamine N-oxide. According to the kit and method for quantitatively detecting trimethylamine N-oxide, the problem that unreliable detection results can be caused by application of water, a bovine serum albumin solution or a phosphate buffer solution and other blank biological matrix which are far from plasma components of the human body can be avoided, and the reliability of the detection results is improved.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress has been found to be associated with the genetic disease tuberous sclerosis. Tuberous sclerosis is cause by defects in the two genes, TSC1 and TSC2. Agents that modulate ER stress may be used to treat tuberous sclerosis and other hamartomatous diseases. In particular, 4-phenyl butyric acid (PBA) has been shown to reduce ER stress is TSC-deficient cells. Other compounds useful in reducing ER stress are chemical chaperones such as trimethylamine N-oxide arid glycerol may also be useful in treating tuberous sclerosis. The present invention provides methods of treating a subject suffering from tuberous sclerosis using ER stress reducers such as PBA, TUDCA, UDCA, and TMAO. Methods of screening for ER stress reducers by identifying agents that reduce levels of ER stress markers in TSC-deficient cells are also provided. These agents may find use in methods and pharmaceutical compositions for treating tuberous sclerosis.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress has been found to be associated with the genetic disease tuberous sclerosis. Tuberous sclerosis is cause by defects in the two genes, TSC1 and TSC2. Agents that modulate ER stress may be used to treat tuberous sclerosis and other hamartomatous diseases. In particular, 4-phenyl butyric acid (PBA) has been shown to reduce ER stress is TSC-deficient cells. Other compounds useful in reducing ER stress are chemical chaperones such as trimethylamine N-oxide arid glycerol may also be useful in treating tuberous sclerosis. The present invention provides methods of treating a subject suffering from tuberous sclerosis using ER stress reducers such as PBA, TUDCA, UDCA, and TMAO. Methods of screening for ER stress reducers by identifying agents that reduce levels of ER stress markers in TSC-deficient cells are also provided. These agents may find use in methods and pharmaceutical compositions for treating tuberous sclerosis.

The invention provides a feed inducing agent for aquatic feed. The feed inducing agent comprises the following materials in percentage by total mass: 40-50% of yeast extract, 5-10% of DMPT (dimethyl-dimethylpropiothetin), 20-30% of TMAO (trimethylamine oxide), 5-10% of bile salt and 10-20% of filler. The feed inducing agent provided by the invention compounds multiple single feed inducing agents and the bile salt with functions of promoting digestion, protecting liver and benefiting to the gallbladder, and has good feed-inducing effect and digestion promoting effect to aquatic animals; the feed inducing agent for aquatic feed is added into the aquatic feed, and due to the contained bile salt, the digestion and the absorption of the feed can be effectively promoted; the safety is high, no toxic and harmful substances are contained, the added amount is low, the quality of the selected materials is stable and controllable, and the application range of the product is wide.

The invention relates to compositions for the cryogenic storage of biological materials and related methods. In an embodiment, the invention includes a cryopreservative composition including a chaotropic agent and a kosmotropic agent. In an embodiment, the invention includes a cryopreservative composition including urea and trimethylamine-N-oxide. In an embodiment, the invention includes a method of cryopreserving cells including contacting cells with a cryopreservative composition, the cryopreservative composition comprising a chaotropic agent and a kosmotropic agent. In an embodiment, the invention includes a method of transplanting cells into a subject, the method including administering a composition to the subject, the composition comprising an effective amount of a chaotropic agent, an effective amount of a kosmotropic agent, and cells. Other embodiments are also included herein.

The invention relates to the field of aquaculture industries, and more particularly relates to an aquatic animal attractant. The aquatic animal attractant is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of allicin, 50-300 parts of trimethylamine oxide, 100-300 parts of dimethyl-beta-dimethylpropiothetin, 100-200 parts of zeolite powder and 100-700 parts of starch. A preparation method of the aquatic animal attractant comprises the following steps of: weighing the components in parts by weight; and grinding the weighed components into powders, and uniformly mixing the powders to obtain the aquatic animal attractant. The aquatic animal attractant disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects of being capable of increasing the ingestion speed of aquaculture animals, effectively reducing the loss of baits, decreasing breeding costs, and improving water quality and reducing environmental pollution on water bodies while increasing breeding benefits.

The invention discloses a large yellow croaker feed additive for reducing body fat and promoting flavor, which is prepared by uniformly mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of L-carnitine, 20-30 parts of betaine and 60-70 parts of conjugated linoleic acid. After a daily complete formula feed is added with the additive (accounting for 2-3wt% of the daily complete formula feed), the fat content of muscles of large yellow croakers can be significantly reduced, and the contents of flavor compounds (such as flavor amino acids, inosinic acids and trimethylamine oxides) in the muscles of large yellow croakers can be increased; and when the complete formula feed added with the additive is used for feeding large yellow croakers, the fed large yellow croakers are low in fat content, plump in muscle, good in texture, and high in flavor amino acid, inosinic acid and trimethylamine oxide contents of muscles. Thus, the large yellow croakers are enough in freshness, exquisite in meat quality, and good in taste, and can be comparable to wild large yellow croakers.

The invention belongs to the technical field of feed additives and relates to a jewfish feed phagostimulant and a preparation method thereof. The weight of the phagostimulant in each ton of jewfish feed is 13.3-25.5 kg, and the phagostimulant in each ton of jewfish feed consists of the following raw materials by weight: 500-1,500 g of L-glycine, 1 000-3,000 g of L-alanine, 300-1,000 g of L-glutamic acid, 1,000-2,000 g of proline, 8,500-12,000 g of trimethyl glycine, 1,000-3,000 g of oxidized trimethylamine and 1,000-3000 g of squid organ meal. The invention has the advantages that the composite phagostimulant is free of overrich and over-fragrant stimulation, can be used for a long term, is safe and efficient and has no side effect; the raw materials of the feed phagostimulant are stable in source and simple in manufacturing technology and remarkably increase the feeding speed; the anti-stress capability of cultivating objects is remarkably improved while the food calling performance is enhanced, the cultivated jewfish has high survival rate and is brilliantly colored in body; and a majority of compositions in the phagostimulant are indispensable feed nutritional ingredients for growth of jewfish, so that the feed efficiency is improved, the feed coefficient is lowered and the cultivation cost is saved.

The invention provides a method of manufacturing portunid crab bait. The portunid crab bait is composed of the following raw materials, by weight: 3 to 10% of squid paste, 3 to 10% of seaweed powder, , 1 to 5% of soy lecithin, 1 to 5% of fish oil , 3 to 10% of fish meal, 10 ~ 15% of wheat middling, 30 ~ 50% of soybean meal, 10 ~ 15% of high gluten flour, 0.05 to 0.15% of sodium alginate, 0.005 to 0.015% of amino acids, 0.005-0.015% of attractant small peptides, 1 ~ 5%of monocalcium phosphate, 0.005 to 0.015% of dextran, 0.005 to 0.015% of trimethylamine oxide, 0.005 to 0.015% of sulfobetaine, and 0.5 to 1% of potassium sorbate. According to the invention, raw materials such as the squid paste are employed for preparing compound bait for portunid crabs which are small in yield in Zhoushan but have a high commercial value; and the bait is easy to use and has natural attractant effect, ensuring adequate and stable bait supply for crab catching industry.

The invention discloses a phagostimulant for fish larvae and juveniles of spotted maigre and a preparation method thereof. The phagostimulant comprises the following compositions in portion by weight: 0.05 to 0.1 portion of dimethyl-beta- propionic acid thetine, 0.1 to 0.2 portion of kanirin, 0.1 to 0.3 portion of glycine trimethylpropyl, 20 to 30 portions of inosinic acid, 25 to 35 portions of clamworm extracting solution, 1 to 5 portions of betaine, 10 to 15 portions of lactamine, 8 to 10 portions of glycin, 26 to 28 portions of internal organ powder of cuttlefish, and 1 to 3 portions of lycopene. The preparation method of the phagostimulant comprises the following steps: raw materials are weighed according to weight portions and are mixed, and then the clamworm extracting solution produced by the mixing extraction of alcohol is added into the mixture. The phagostimulant has the advantages that the phagostimulant has small using amount, apparent effect, steady sources, low price, and simple production technology, can effectively improve survival rate, reduce the waste of baits, can also improve the high temperature resistance and the anti-anoxia ability of fish, strengthen the endurance of the fish to the change of water environment, and can improve the meat quality of breed varieties.

The invention provides deaminated low-fishy-smell krill oil and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the steps of deamination and fishy smell removal which are performed on a finished product krill oil or a krill oil extract by using an adsorption medium, wherein the krill oil extract is obtained by performing extracting on krill and / or krill powder by using an organic solvent, and the adsorption medium is cation exchange resin. The invention also provides the deaminated low-fishy-smell krill oil prepared by using the method, trimethylamine-nitrogen in the deaminated low-fishy-smell krill oil is not more than 5 mg / kg, and trimethylamine oxide-nitrogen is not more than 5 mg / kg; by optimizing the fishy smell removal process, the sensory quality of the krill oil can be improved,and meanwhile the food safety can be improved; and it is known through experimental data that the content of the trimethylamine-nitrogen is reduced by 96.88% at most, and the content of the trimethylamine oxide-nitrogen is reduced by 99.27% at most.

The invention relates to a cholelithiasis related blood plasma metabolism micro-molecular marker and an application thereof. The marker is trimethylamine oxide and trimethylamine. Metabolism micro-molecules of normal contrast blood plasma and cholelithiasis patient's blood plasma are compared through adopting UPLC-Q exactive MS to find the blood plasma metabolism micro-molecular marker combination used for assessing that whether a patient is suffering from cholelithiasis and having diagnosis values in the blood plasma. A cholelithiasis diagnosing and monitoring kit convenient for clinic application is developed through applying the UPLC-Q exactive MS detected by the blood plasma metabolism micro-molecular marker.

The invention discloses a feeding attractant for juvenile procambarus clarkii as well as a preparation method and application of the feed attractant. The feeding attractant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of lycine, 15-25 parts of kanirin, 15-20 parts of dimethyl-beta-propiothetin and 20-30 of allicin. The preparation method of the feeding attractant comprises the following steps: weighing the components according to the weight parts and then mixing uniformly. The raw materials of the feeding attractant is stable in source and can be taken from a wide range, the production process is simple, the cost is low, and the effect is obvious; from the food intake and digestion mechanism of crustacean, the feeding attractant improves the food intake rate of procambarus clarkia bodies and reduces the waste of baits, simultaneously, the activity of digestive enzymes of the intestines and pancreases of the juvenile procambarus clarkii is improved to promote the growth of the procambarus clarkii.

The invention provides a detoxification, fishy smell elimination and freshness increase farming method for Egypt clarias fuscus. According to the method, Egypt clarias fuscus is farmed in a farming ecological pool at room temperature, the fish farming time is 8-12 days, and fodders and medicines are not fed in the farming process. The method is characterized in that micromolecule water and micromolecule air generated because of a device filled with gull rocks are fed into the farming ecological pool together, and the water feeding and air adding time is set to be half an hour; in addition, common water is led into the farming ecological pool slowly for 1.5 hours, water in the farming ecological pool can keep flowing slowly, and in this way, the process operates automatically for 24 hours / day and lasts for 8-12 days; the micromolecule water with oxygen enters the bodies and cells of the Egypt clarias fuscus to clean the bodies and accelerate oxidation reaction in the bodies, and trimethylamine in the bodies can be converted into trimethylamine oxide through the oxidation reaction. According to the method, toxins in the fish bodies are removed completely by cleaning the inside of the live fish bodies through chemical reaction; drug residue detection for exporting to America is passed; the fishy smell in the fish bodies is removed completely, and therefore the fish can be great in taste.

To provide minced and heated fish meat material having a texture like meat of livestock, and foods utilizing the material. Fish meat, preferably fish meat wherein the decomposition of trimethylamine N-oxide is inhibited and the denaturation of protein is reduced, is chopped while keeping a frozen state, is heated until denaturation and coagulation of protein while keeping a frozen state and followed by seasoning. Alternatively, the seasoning is carried out simultaneously with the heating. According to the procedure, minced and heated fish meat material having a texture like meat of livestock, can be obtained. The material can be provided as it is, or can be provided as an ingredient of food produced from minced meat of livestock.

The invention discloses a phagostimulant for aquatic-product feed. The phagostimulant is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of yeast extract, 20-30 parts of amino acids, 10-20 parts of taurine, 10-15 parts of protein powder, 3-8 parts of spirulina and 18-22 parts of trimethylamine oxide. The phagostimulant for the aquatic-product feed, disclosed by the invention, has a very good digestion promoting action and is balanced in nutrition, low in addition level and obvious in food calling effect, and the adopted raw materials are healthy and stable in quality and convenient in purchase.

The invention provides a method for urine metabonomics detection of fatigue based on nuclear magnetic resonance. The method includes the steps: step one, carrying out motion intervention on a detected body; step 2, after a slow-release time, collecting a sample; step 3, after treating the collected sample, carrying out comprehensive scanning on the sample by a nuclear magnetic resonance instrument, to obtain a nuclear magnetic resonance atlas; step 4, dispersing by using PCA, PLS-DA and OPLS-DA to obtain a detail drawing analysis difference metabolic substance; step 5, through the metabonomics method, analyzing the detail drawing analysis difference metabolic substance, to obtain a metabolic pathway of the sub char analysis difference metabolic substance in a body; and step 6, according to rising or falling of the content of N-trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) in the sample, determining whether fatigue is generated. The sample is subjected to panoramic scanning by the nuclear magnetic resonance instrument, and the metabolic substance is obtained; through analysis of the metabolic substance, the body physiological state can be comprehensively and systematically reflected, the steps are simple, the accuracy is high, and the repeatability is good.

The invention discloses a pet dog feed inducing agent and a preparation method thereof. The pet dog feed inducing agent is prepared from the following materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of pork liver, 8-10 parts of salmon, 0.5-1 parts of a composite enzyme, 1-2 parts of vitamins, 2-3 parts of amino acids, 0.5-1 part of trimethylamine oxide, 0.3-0.6 part of sodium butyrate, and 3-5 parts of carbohydrates. The feed inducing agent not only has good feed inducing effect on most of pet dogs, but also can improve the body immunity, reduce generation of intestinal diseases, skin diseases and abnormal alopecia and promote the growth of bones and hair. In addition, the feed inducing agent greatly improves the feed utilization rate, improves the palatability, is simple to prepare, is easy to reprocess, and has relatively high popularization value.

The invention discloses a composite phagostimulant for juvenile freshwater shrimps, and a preparation method of the composite phagostimulant. The composite phagostimulant comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of composite Chinese herbal medicines, 10-30 parts of composite amino acids, 5-10 parts of DMPT (dimethyl-beta-propiothetin), 40-50 parts of scallop powder, and 5-10 parts of TMAO (trimethyl amine oxide). The preparation method comprises the following steps of respectively weighing the components according to the formula, respectively drying the components by baking, crushing the dried composite Chinese herbal medicines, the dried composite amino acids, the dried DMPT, the dried scallop powder and the dried TMAO, and uniformly mixing the crushed composite Chinese herbal medicines, the crushed composite amino acids, the crushed DMPT, the crushed scallop powder and the crushed TMAO so as to obtain the composite phagostimulant. The composite Chinese herbal medicine phagostimulant is added to the special compound feed of the freshwater shrimps according to the dosage of 1-3% so as to perform feeding experiment. Compared with the compound feed without adding the composite phagostimulant disclosed by the invention, the composite phagostimulant disclosed by the invention can obviously promote the ingestion of the juvenile freshwater shrimps, can promote the growth of the juvenile freshwater shrimps, can increase digestive enzymes in the bodies of the juvenile freshwater shrimps, can reduce remaining entices and is favorable for environment protection.

The invention discloses a special compound high-quality feed additive for freshwater shrimps. The special compound high-quality feed additive for the freshwater shrimps is prepared from the following substances in parts by weight: 4-6 parts of L-carnitine tartrat, 5-8 parts of saccharicterpenin, 6-8 parts of limonin, 4-7 parts of a compound vitamin additive, 2-3 parts of beneficial bacteria, 10-15 parts of a Chinese herbal medicine additive, 8-10 parts of medical stones and 2-5 parts of trimethylamine oxide. Aiming at physiological properties and growth rules of the freshwater shrimps, the different components are selected to be combined to obtain the feed additive, so that the growth of the freshwater shrimps can be accelerated, and the immunological competence and anti-stress capability of organisms also can be improved; furthermore, the special compound high-quality feed additive also has the effects of adsorbing harmful substances, resisting diseases and sterilizing and purifying the water quality, and the growth environment of the freshwater shrimps is optimized; the product has harmless components and does not cause medicine residues and environment pollution; the yield and quality of the freshwater shrimps are commonly improved; and a production method is simple and the components are easy to obtain, so that the special compound high-quality feed additive has a very good popularization value.

The invention discloses a rapid detection method for trimethylamine oxide in urine, wherein the method comprises the following steps: regulating the pH of urine, adding Reinecke salt, shaking evenly,then carrying out a reaction, and determining the content of TMAO in the urine by colorimetric analysis or absorption photometry. Before the pH value of the urine is regulated, the method can also include the step of pretreatment of the urine with quicklime; previously, before pretreatment, the pH value of the urine is tested, and if the pH value is less than 7, the pH value of the urine is regulated to 7 or more. The kit comprises a pH regulator, a chromogenic reagent and a pretreatment reagent. The pretreatment reagent contains quicklime, and the chromogenic reagent contains Reinecke salt. The method can realize rapid and accurate determination of the concentration of TMAO in solutions.

The invention discloses a microbial fuel cell based on a trimethylamine oxide medium, and belongs to the field of biological fuel cells. The microbial fuel cell based on the trimethylamine oxide medium comprises a reactor, a cell positive electrode and a cell negative electrode, wherein the reactor is arranged in a shell, the cell positive electrode and the cell negative electrode are arranged outside the shell, the bottom of the cell positive electrode is connected to one end of the reactor, and the bottom of the cell negative electrode is connected to the other end of the reactor. The microbial fuel cell based on the trimethylamine oxide medium has the advantages that the electrode surface activation area is large, the electrostatic interaction between microorganisms and the electrode surfaces is enhanced, microorganism adsorption performance is improved, catalysis performance is good, and therefore the cell yield is increased and the production cost is reduced.

The invention discloses a preparation method for trimethylamine oxide. The technical scheme that hydrogen peroxide which is more than trimethylamine or stabilizing agent and / or initiating agent is added is adopted to enable the trimethylamine and the hydrogen peroxide to be reacted totally so as to avoid the raw material loss and to reduce the cost; the stabilizing agent is adopted in the reaction, so that the reaction system can be effectively stabilized, the excessive loss of reaction raw materials is controlled, and the yield is improved; the initiating agent is adopted in the reaction, so that the reaction activation energy can be reduced, and the reaction can be initiated at a lower temperature and can be implemented smoothly. The method reduces the raw material cost, reduces the equipment investment, largely decreases the acute reaction degree, stabilizes the reaction progress, and enables the reaction process to be easily controlled; and mother liquor can be recycled, so that the product yield and quality can be improved.

Provided herein are compositions, systems, and methods for treating a disease, such as kidney and / or cardiovascular disease, with an agent that reduces the production of trimethylamine (TMA) or trimethylamine-n-oxide (TMAO) in a subject. In certain embodiments, the agent is: i) 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB) or a DMB derivative or related compound, ii) acetylsalicylic acid or derivative thereof (e.g., with an enteric coating for delivery to the colon and / or cecum); iii) a flavin monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) inhibitor; iv) a gut TMA lyase inhibitor; v) an antibiotic or antimicrobial; vi) a probiotic or prebiotic; vii) an antiplatelet agent; or viii) a TMA and / or TMAO sequestering agent.

The invention discloses methanomassiliicoccus sp. The classification name of the methanomassiliicoccus sp. is methanomassiliicoccus sp. (methanomassiliicoccus sp.), the bacterial strain number is LGM-RCC1, the methanomassiliicoccus sp. is preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, the preservation time is at 24 October, 2018, and the preservation number is CGMCC No.16819. The invention also discloses an application of the methanomassiliicoccus sp. in fermentation production of methane, and an application of the methanomassiliicoccus sp. to preparation of a probiotic agent or a feed additive. The LGM-RCC1 can be used for generating the methane through reducing methanol, monomethylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine and methyl 3-methylthiopropionate through hydrogen, and the LGM-RCC1 can be used as an additive for increasing the yield of the methane in a methane-generating pit; and the LGM-RCC1 can utilize the trimethylamine in digestive tracts, toxicity of the LGM-RCC1 to human bodies or animals can be reduced, and the LGM-RCC1 is a potential probiotic for treating diseases and preventing cardiovascular diseases caused by trimethyl amine oxide.

The invention relates to an application of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) as a biomarker for cerebral apoplexy risk assessment and prognostic judgment. The invention also relates to an application of trimethylamine oxide as a drug screening target for screening drugs for treating cerebral apoplexy. The invention provides an application of trimethylamine oxide in preparation of a kit for diagnosing cerebral apoplexy and / or evaluating the risk of suffering from cerebral apoplexy, provides an application of trimethylamine oxide in preparation of a kit for evaluating the treatment effect of cerebralapoplexy or judging prognosis of cerebral apoplexy, and further provides an application of trimethylamine oxide in preparation of a kit for screening drugs for preventing or treating cerebral apoplexy. According to the invention, the accuracy of current cerebral apoplexy risk prediction can be improved, and the improvement of cerebral apoplexy prevention measures, prognosis judgment and development of therapeutic drugs are facilitated.

The invention relates to the technical field of analysis and detection, in particular to a method for simultaneously detecting trimethylamine oxide and phenylacetylglutamine as well as a detection kit and application thereof. According to the detection method provided by the invention, a to-be-detected sample is subjected to sample pretreatment, then detection is performed by adopting a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method, the sample pretreatment comprises the following steps: the to-be-detected sample is subjected to precipitation treatment by adopting a precipitant to obtain separated supernate, and the precipitant is an acetonitrile and methanol mixed solution containing 10-100mM ammonium acetate. The method has the advantages of simple sample reservation, simple sample treatment, small sample use amount and fast detection speed, can reduce the problems of two-time sample reservation, time consumption, cost increase and the like due to respective determination, and is easy to popularize and apply; the detection method has high precision and low matrix effect, and can significantly improve the accuracy of trimethylamine oxide and phenylacetyl glutamine detection.