The invention discloses an extraction and dielectrophoresis analytical method for total protein of cattail cauloid, comprising the following steps of: firstly, efficiently extracting protein from the cattail cauloid by screening through many experiments; under a preferred condition, separating the protein components from the secondary metabolite (such as pigments, phenols, quinones and the like) components by a dielectrophoresis method; and performing qualitative analysis by a silver nitrate staining method under a preferred condition, and / or performing qualitative and quantitative analysis on the separated protein by a mass spectrometer. Shown by experimental results, more protein spots are obtained by separation through the dielectrophoresis analytical method, and detected by PDQuest image analysis software, the number of the protein spots is more than 1000, and the spectrum is clear without transverse and longitudinal stripes; and the method has good repeatability and stability, can be used for conveniently identifying the authenticity of the pharmaceutical / food resource plant cattail, and provides a quality control standard and scientific base for in-depth study, scientific planting, culture, development and utilization of cattail.