84 results about "Peroxisome" patented technology

Methods and compositions comprising peroxisomal and / or mitochondrial beta oxidation stimulating agents to reverse or resolve, slow the progression of, treat or prevent the development of fatty liver and conditions stemming from fatty liver, such as NASH, liver inflammation, cirrhosis and liver failure. An active agent that by itself is associated with an increased risk of fatty liver development and conditions stemming from fatty liver, such as NASH, liver inflammation, cirrhosis and liver failure, may be administered in combination with peroxisomal and / or mitochondrial beta oxidation stimulating agents. A combination regimen involving such agents, as simultaneous or concomitant therapy, or as a fixed dosage form, is also provided.

The present invention is directed to novel compositions and their application as pharmaceuticals for the treatment of disease. Methods of upregulation of GLUT4 via activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta activity in the adipose tissue of a human or animal subject are also provided, for the treatment of conditions such as diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and others in which a reduction in insulin resistance, an increase in glucose utilization, a reduction in visceral fat, a reduction in triglyceride (TG) levels, or an increase in levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), is beneficial.

Methods of stimulating or increasing differentiation to regulatory T cells, cultures of regulatory T cells and methods of reducing or decreasing an immune response, inflammation or an inflammatory response, among other things, are provided. Methods include, among other things, contacting blood cells or T cells with an amount of TGF-beta or a TGF-beta analogue and a retinoic acid receptor agonist, or an amount of a retinoid X receptor (RXR) or peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, sufficient to stimulate or increase differentiation to regulatory T cells. Cultures of regulatory T cells include T cells that express a marker associated with regulatory T cells, such as cultures in which regulatory T cells represent, for example, 30% or more of the total number of cells in the culture.

Methods and compositions comprising peroxisomal and / or mitochondrial beta oxidation stimulating agents to reverse or resolve, slow the progression of, treat or prevent the development of fatty liver and conditions stemming from fatty liver, such as NASH, liver inflammation, cirrhosis and liver failure. An active agent that by itself is associated with an increased risk of fatty liver development and conditions stemming from fatty liver, such as NASH, liver inflammation, cirrhosis and liver failure, may be administered in combination with peroxisomal and / or mitochondrial beta oxidation stimulating agents. A combination regimen involving such agents, as simultaneous or concomitant therapy, or as a fixed dosage form, is also provided.

Methods of increasing the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the total lipid fraction and in the oil fraction of PUFA-producing, oleaginous eukaryotes, accomplished by modifying the activity of peroxisome biogenesis factor (Pex) proteins. Disruptions of a chromosomal Pex3 gene, Pex10p gene or Pex16p gene in a PUFA-producing, oleaginous eukaryotic strain resulted in an increased amount of PUFAs, as a percent of total fatty acids and as a percent of dry cell weight, in the total lipid fraction and in the oil fraction of the strain, as compared to the parental strain whose native Pex protein was not disrupted.

A method for activating an efferent sympathetic nerve innervating an adipose tissue and improving obesity-associated symptoms is provided, comprising stimulating an afferent vagal nerve from the liver without directly enhancing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ2 function in the liver.

The present invention provides compositions, therapeutic combinations and methods including: (a) at least one peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activator; and (b) at least one substituted azetidinone or substituted β-lactam sterol absorption inhibitor which can be useful for treating vascular conditions, diabetes, obesity and lowering plasma levels of sterols.

The invention provides a human serum glycated albumin assay kit which comprises a reagent 1 and a reagent 2, wherein the reagent 1 comprises the following components: 20-200mmol / L of buffer solution, 5-50KU / L of protease co-expression vector, 10-50KU / L of peroxisome, 2-20mmol / L of 4-amino antipyrine, 0.01-1% of preservative and 0.01-1% of stabilizer, and the protease co-expression vector is obtained by cloning a protease gene and an ascorbic acid oxidase gene onto a same vector for performing co-expression; and the reagent 2 comprises the following components: 20-200mmol / L of buffer solution, 5-50U / mL of fructose lysine enzyme, 1-10mmol / L of N, N-bis(4-sulfobutyl ether)-3-methylaniline, 0.01-1% of preservative and 0.01-1% of stabilizer. The kit can remove the interferences of globulin and ascorbic acid in human serum and has good stability and low cost.

Salts and polymorphs of a compound useful in the treatment of inflammatory and metabolic conditions and diseases are provided herein. In particular, the invention provides salts and polymorphs of a compound which modulates the expression and / or function of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. The salts and polymorphs are useful for the treatment or prevention of conditions and disorders associated with energy homeostasis such as type II diabetes, lipid metabolism, adipocyte differentiation and inflammation.

The present invention provides a method for screening a substance having a thermogenesis enhancing effect containing a compound having an effect activating PPAR δ, an agent containing the compound, and an agent having antidiabetic, antiobestic or visceral accumulated fat-lowering function.The present invention provides an agent containing a compound having an effect activating PPAR δ, which is a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, and having effects which enhances nonshivering thermogenesis (nST), specifically enhances uncoupling respiration in mitochondria of cells in an adipose tissue or the like, or proton leak in inner membranes of mitochondria, and increases the amount of expression of UCP1, and provides an antidiabetic agent, an antiobestic gent and a visceral accumulated fat-lowering agent containing the compound. Further, the present invention provides a method for screening the compound by measuring a PPAR δ activating effect.

This invention provides the use of a microorganism capable of improving both lipid metabolism and sugar metabolism. Specifically, the invention relates to: a lipid metabolism and / or sugar metabolism improver comprising, as an active ingredient, a bacterial cell selected from bacteria belonging to the genus Lactobacillus and the genus Bifidobacterium, a treated product of the bacterial cell, or a mixture thereof, having dual-agonistic activities to peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)α and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)γ; to a food or a beverage comprising the improver; and to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the improver.

The invention discloses a method for positioning and synthesizing terpenoids by means of the Yarrowia lipolytica way. The method comprises the steps that an acetoacetyl coenzyme A thiolase, HMG-CoA synthetase and HMG-CoA reductase in the synthetic route of mevalonic acid in Yarrowia lipolytica are over-expressed and positioned to the peroxisome, and engineering bacteria MP1 are obtained; on the basis of the engineering bacteria MP1, the alpha-farnesene synthesis way is expressed, and engineering bacteria FP1 are obtained; or, the beta-carotene synthesis way is expressed, and engineering bacteria CP1 are obtained; or, the linalool synthesis way is expressed, engineering bacteria LP1 are obtained; the bacteria FP1 or CP1 or LP1 can synthesize the terpenoids under the aerobatic condition by means of a culture medium containing fatty acid or grease, and the yield of the synthesized terpenoids is higher compared with a traditional method. According to the method, fatty acid, grease and cheap food waste oil can be used for generating mevalonic acid downstream terpenoids, and the considerable application prospect and the economic value are achieved.

The invention provides a human peroxisomal thioesterase (PxTE) and polynucleotides which identify and encode PxTE. The invention also provides expression vectors, host cells, agonists, antibodies and antagonists. The invention also provides methods for treating disorders associated with expression of PxTE.

The present invention provides compositions, therapeutic combinations and methods including: (a) at least one peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activator; and (b) at least one substituted azetidinone or substituted β-lactam sterol absorption inhibitor which can be useful for treating vascular conditions, diabetes, obesity and lowering plasma levels of sterols.

The invention encompasses compositions and methods for effectively treating and / or preventing osteoporosis and related disorders such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, and for promoting overall bone and joint health. This is accomplished by totally addressing the multiple mechanisms that lead to such disorders. The invention includes compositions comprising a combination of agents that effectively suppress, regulate or interfere with the various biochemical processes and mechanisms that increase the risk for development of osteoporosis. The present compositions and methods simultaneously promote bone formation and reduce bone resorption by (a) stimulating osteoblast formation and osteogenesis; (b) suppressing adipocyte differentiation; (c) inhibiting osteoclast formation; and (d) increasing apoptosis of osteoclasts. The inventive compositions used for administration to human and other mammalian subjects having or at risk for development of osteoporosis comprise (1) at least one agent capable of modulating expression and / or activity of one or more of peroxisome activated protein receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), CAAT / enhancer binding protein-α (C / EBPα) and Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein (SREBP-1); (2) at least one agent that activates expression and / or activity of one or more of the osteogenic transcription factors (Runx2 / Cbfα1, Dlx5, Osterix, Msx2); (3) at least one agent that activates expression and / or activity of one or more of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs: BMP 2 and 4), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin; (4) at least one agent capable of activating Wnt / β-catenin signaling pathway; (5) at least one agent that inhibits the activity of pro-oxidants including reactive nitrogen species and reactive oxygen species (ROS); (6) at least one agent that suppresses one or more of inflammatory mediators including interleukins IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, TNF-α, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2); and (7) at least one agent that induces the expression of and / or activates one or more of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuin (SIRT1) and adiponectin (AP).

The invention encompasses compositions and methods for effectively treating and / or preventing diabetes and / or obesity. This is accomplished by totally addressing the multiple mechanisms that lead to such conditions. The invention includes compositions comprising a combination of agents that effectively suppress, regulate or interfere with the various biochemical processes and mechanisms that lead to diabetes and obesity. The inventive compositions used for administration to human and other mammalian subjects comprise (1) at least one agent capable of modulating expression and / or activity of one or more of peroxisome activated protein receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), CAAT / enhancer binding protein-α (C / EBPα) and Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein (SREBP-1); (2) at least one agent capable of activating Wnt / β-catenin pathway; (3) at least one agent capable of activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway; (4) at least one agent that inhibits the activity of pro-oxidants including reactive nitrogen species and reactive oxygen species (ROS); (5) at least one agent that suppresses one or more of inflammatory mediators including interleukins IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, TNF-α, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2); (6) at least one agent capable of enhancing glucose transporter (GLUT4) and / or inhibiting glucose transporter GLUT2; (7) at least one agent that induces the expression of and / or activates adiponectin and (8) at least one agent that induces the expression of and / or activates sirtuin (SIRT1). The active agents for use herein are natural materials such as phytonutrients, vitamins and minerals. Compositions with combinations of such natural agents have the ability to prevent, reduce or treat diabetes and obesity by (a) clearing glucose and fatty acids from blood, (b) reducing the number of adipose cells and fat storage, (c) interfering with fat, glucose, and cholesterol biosynthesis, and (d) promoting fat and glucose oxidation.Since the present compositions are aimed toward normalizing metabolism and energy expenditure and managing oxidative stress and inflammation, they are also beneficial in relation to physical activity, in particular performance, endurance, fatigue and recovery during intensive and continuous exercise / exertion.

The invention provides DNA, heterologous host cells capable of transcribing, translating or expressing said DNA and methods employing such host cells and cultures thereof for an improved in vivo production of acylated cephalosporins with higher yield. According to the invention, a host cell is provided comprising an enzyme having expandase activity which is predominantly localized in the cytosol (as opposed to localized mainly in or with the peroxisomes or microbodies) of the host cell.

The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating liver diseases, containing a plasmalogen precursor, plasmalogen, or a plasmalogen analog as an effective component. More specifically, a plasmalogen precursor, or plasmalogen or a plasmalogen analog produced by metabolizing the plasmalogen precursor, can prevent or treat liver diseases such as hepatic steatosis, hepatitis, or liver cirrhosis, etc. by decreasing accumulation of neutral fats in the liver, repressing expressions of inflammatory cytokine genes, and increasing fatty acid oxidation capacity of peroxisome.

The invention encompasses compositions and methods for effectively interfering, reducing and preventing conversion of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and circulating stem cells to osteoblastic bone-like cells, thereby reducing and / or preventing vascular calcification (VC) or calcium mineral (hydroxyapatite) deposition in the vasculature. The severity and extent of calcification in the major arteries reflect atherosclerotic plaque burden and strongly predict cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The present inventive compositions used for administration to human and other mammalian subjects comprise select actives that inhibit, interfere or regulate the biochemical processes leading to such calcification and include (1) at least one agent that modulates expression and / or activity of peroxisome activated protein receptor gamma (PPAR-γ); (2) at least one agent that inhibits expression and / or suppresses activity of one or more of the osteogenic transcription factors (Cbfα1 / Runx2, Osterix, Msx2) and β-catenin signaling; (3) at least one agent that inhibits expression and / or suppresses activity of one or more of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs: BMP 2 and 4), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin; (4) at least one agent that inhibits the activity of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS); and (5) at least one agent that suppresses one or more of inflammatory mediators including interleukins IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, TNF-α, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The compositions may further comprise at least one agent that promotes expression and / or carboxylation of matrix Gla protein (MGP). Advantageously, these select actives include materials such as phytonutrients, vitamins and minerals that have been broadly used in food and drink products and are safe for human and pet / animal consumption. Compositions with such combinations have the ability to prevent, treat and reverse VC not only in coronary arteries but also in other tissues capable of undergoing undesirable calcification. In addition the present compositions are effective against associated conditions or contributory factors / inducers to VC, including diabetes, obesity, hypertension, inflammation, oxidative stress, osteoporosis and arthritis.

The present invention relates to novel urea and thiourea compounds, compositions comprising urea or thiourea compounds, and methods useful for treating and preventing aging, Alzheimer's Disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, a disorder of glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, dyslipoproteinemia, enhancing bile production, enhancing reverse lipid transport, hypertension, impotence, inflammation, insulin resistance, lipid elimination in bile, modulating C reactive protein, obesity, oxysterol elimination in bile, pancreatitis, Parkinson's disease, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-associated disorder, phospholipid elimination in bile, renal disease, septicemia, metabolic syndrome disorders (e.g., Syndrome X), a thrombotic disorder, gastrointestinal disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., Crohn's Disease, ulcerative colitis), arthritis (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis), autoimmune disease (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus), scleroderma, ankylosing spondylitis, gout and pseudogout, muscle pain: polymyositis / polymyalgia rheumatica / fibrositis; infection and arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, tendonitis, bursitis and other soft tissue rheumatism. In certain embodiments, the compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are useful in combination therapy with other therapeutics, such as hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic agents.

A peptide and a peptide complex of the present invention exhibit an anti-obesity effect by inhibiting fat accumulation and decomposing already accumulated fat, and exhibit an excellent effect with respect to diabetes by effectively reducing blood sugar. The peptide and the peptide complex of the present invention decrease the expression of PPARGamma, ACC, and aP2, which are adipogenic markers, increase the expression of pHSL, AMPK-Alpha1, CGI-58, and ATGL, which are lipolytic factors, and reduce the size of fat cells and blood cholesterol values. The peptide and the peptide complex of the present invention, which have excellent activity and safety, can be advantageously applied to drugs and quasi-drugs.

The present invention is directed to 1,3,4-oxadiazalones, i.e., the compounds of formula I and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, or solvates thereof. Novel compounds include those of formula I, in which radicals are as defined herein. The compounds of this invention are modulators of PPARdelta and therefore useful as pharmaceutical agents, especially for the treatment of demyelinating diseases and disorders of fatty acid metabolism and glucose utilization such as multiple scleroses.

The invention discloses an application of 2',4'-dihydroxyl-6'-methoxyl-3',5'-dimethyl chalcone as an agonist of PPAR-gamma of a peroxisome growth factor; the application of the compound as the agonist of the PPAR-gamma provides a novel drug for preventing and treating type II diabetes, hyperlipemia and adiposity.

The invention provides a fluorescent probe for detecting superoxide anion free radicals in peroxisome and application of the fluorescent probe, and belongs to the technical field of detection and analysis. The invention designs the fluorescent probe for detecting the superoxide anion free radicals with caffeic acid as a recognition group and a fluorophore of O2<.-> and a small peptide QSKL as a targeted group of the peroxisome, and the structural formula of the fluorescent probe is shown in the description. The fluorescent probe is particularly applicable to detection of the superoxide anion free radicals at a cellular structure level, particularly at a subcellular structure level (such as the peroxisome) and has good actual application value.

The invention relates to the technical field of an application of a lactoflavin ester derivative and a composition containing the component for preparing a medicine for treating diabetes mellitus and complication thereof. After an accessory material is added into the lactoflavin ester derivative, the mixture can be made into a dosage form of capsules, tablets, granules, injection, and the like. The lactoflavin ester derivative has the functions of promoting the consumption of preadipocyte glucose, activating peroxisome paraphyte activated receptor gamma, reducing the blood sugar of a diabetes mellitus animal model, increasing sensibility on insulin, improving the pancreatic island function and a pancreatic island form and lightening the pathologic change of a diabetic nerve, a diabetic retina, a diabetic kidney and diabetic feet.

The present invention relates to novel thiazole derivative compounds having activity for peroxisome prolif erator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ), as well as their intermediates and synthesis methods thereof.

The present invention is concerned with a method of controlling the plasma genistein concentration in mammals in order to avoid activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), said method comprising the steps of: a. assessing the genistein blood serum concentration of the mammal; b. if needed, administering to said mammal a genistein component in an amount sufficient to maintain the genistein blood serum concentration at a level between 0.02 and 3 μM during at least 8 hours, preferably at least 16 hours of each day; c. repeating steps a. and b. during a period of at least 30 days with intervals of no more than 3 days. The present method is particularly suited for preventing obesity and diseases or conditions in which bone tissue is lost.