37 results about "Particle flux" patented technology

A device for the high-speed analysis of photon- or particle-generated image data or for the high-speed energy-discrimination analysis of photon- or particle-counting data. The device uses a sensor that collects the photons or particles on an array of solid state detectors, as electrical analog signals, and stores the analog-signal information on capacitors of readout arrays associated with the detector arrays. Integration of the photon or particle flux signals on the readout arrays proceeds for a given time frame and then image-related signals are transferred to an analog correction processor. The analog correction processor is comprised of one or more integrated circuit chips where each chip contains an array of correction processor unit cells. In these unit cells signals are corrected, in parallel, for gain and offset nonuniformities in the detection and processing chain. Corrections to all the signals are made in a time frame or less and the information is then transferred to an analog image processor. Particle-counting data is transferred directly from the readout array chips to the analog image processor. The analog image processor is comprised of one or more integrated circuit chips where each chip is made up of an array of image processor unit cells. Each unit cell contains circuitry for implementing an image processing or energy discrimination algorithm, and circuitry for outputting the signals and / or the position of only those unit cells for which the algorithm is satisfied. The analog image processor chip may also contain circuitry that counts the number of cells for which the algorithms have been satisfied. The analog image processor implements the algorithm and outputs the data in a time frame or less.

A charged particle detector and method are disclosed providing for simultaneous detection and measurement of charged particles at one or more levels of particle flux in a measurement cycle. The detector provides multiple and independently selectable levels of integration and / or gain in a fully addressable readout manner.

An oblique sputtering deposition apparatus is provided for preparing a thin film. A collimator having angled passages for filtering out particles from stray directions is placed between the substrate and the incident particle flux. The angle of the passages can be adjusted from about 0 to about 90° with respect to the substrate normal according to requirements. The oblique incidence of particle flux brings forms a column structure which is also angled.

An oblique sputtering deposition apparatus is provided for preparing a thin film. A collimator having angled passages for filtering out particles from stray directions is placed between the substrate and the incident particle flux. The angle of the passages can be adjusted from about 0 to about 90° with respect to the substrate normal according to requirements. The oblique incidence of particle flux brings forms a column structure which is also angled.

The invention discloses a kind of method of measurement the solid particle three-dimensional density field in the gas and solid two phase flow, velocity field and equipment. The particle flux transmitting tube is laid at the front of high rate stereoscopic vision system which is consisted by the double look-out angle lens stereoscope and the high rate camera and the jet stream particle is refracted through the double look-out angle lens stereoscope mirror face and the single high rate camera target area can achieve the particle flux graphic with two different angles at the same time and after the graphic is input the computer a program module which is consisted by the pattern recognition algorithm procedure and three-inversion projection algorithm procedure treats the particle diagram and then get the transient three-dimensional density field. The program module treats series microsecond class time sequence changeable particle graphic and gets the particle three-dimensional movement trace and the velocity field. It is stabilize by using the single camera system and overcomes the problem of multiple camera system's constructer is complex and the synchronism is bad.

A system to provide enhanced computational efficiency in a simulation of particle transport through a medium, program product, and related methods are provided. The system can include a simulation data administrator server having access to an interaction database including records related to parameters describing interactions of particles in an absorbing medium to provide particle interaction parameters, and a simulated dose calculation computer in communication with the simulation data administrator server through a communications network. The system can also included simulated dose calculation program product stored in memory of the simulated dose calculation computer and including instructions that when executed by a processor causes the processor to perform for each of a plurality of particles deliverable from a particle source the operations of providing parameters for a medium to perform a Monte Carlo simulation to develop a map of simulated absorbed dose in the medium, and artificially adjusting simulation particle fluxes to achieve a substantially constant variance throughout a depth of the medium.

A highly basic particle flux for submerged arc welding that produces less than 7 ml / 100 gr of diffusible hydrogen in the weld metal, which flux comprises a carbon dioxide containing compound with an effective amount of heat releasable carbon dioxide in the range of 0.5-3.5% by weight of the flux over 10% by weight of a low melting point compound and a binder.

The invention relates to a GaAs solar battery life predicting method under space radiation environment, belonging to the space environment engineering field and spacecraft solar battery array design field; the relation of non-ionizing energy loss and incident electron energy of electrons in the solar battery material is analog-commutated by utilizing a Geant4 software radiation transportation tool box, so as to obtain the relation curve of battery damage coefficient and displacement damage dose; particle flux energy spectrum of a GEO orbit and attenuation spectrum after penetrating through a quartz glass cover sheet are analog-commutated; a life predicting model of the solar battery is built under the GEO orbit radiation environment by utilizing the solar battery damage coefficient obtained by a ground simulation test and the displacement damage dose of a space orbit, obtained by analog commutation. In the invention, by utilizing the displacement damage dose method, the effect of different space radiation environment to the attenuation of the battery performance parameter can b predicted, so as to predict the in-orbit service life of the solar battery, determine the characteristic curve and save the test expense and time.

A charged particle detector and method are disclosed providing for simultaneous detection and measurement of charged particles at one or more levels of particle flux in a measurement cycle. The detector provides multiple and independently selectable levels of integration and / or gain in a fully addressable readout manner.

The invention discloses a method for measuring content of oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen in a titanium alloy. The method comprises the following steps: (1) performing treatment such as cutting and polishing on a high-purity electrolysis nickel board, thereby preparing a nickel particle fluxing agent; (2) putting the nickel particle fluxing agent into an inner high-purity graphite crucible of a lower electrode of an oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen analyzer, and performing degassing treatment under high power; (3) selecting a measuring condition, and measuring oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen gas in the titanium alloy through the oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen analyzer; and (4) calculating mass percentage of oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen in a test sample. According to the method disclosed by the invention, a self-made nickel particle fluxing agent with a relatively high blank value can be used to replace commercially available fluxing agents such as a nickel basket and nickel scraps, content of oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen in the titanium alloy is measured through a pulse melting method, interference of the blank value can be remarkably reduced or eliminated by changing normal test steps and analysis conditions, and the same effects of the commercially available fluxing agents are achieved, so that detection cost is greatly reduced; and the method has the advantages of being simple, high in accuracy and the like, and meets the quick detecting requirements.

The invention provides a method for realizing wide nano-particle beams by using a neutral cluster beam nozzle assembly. The beam nozzle assembly is realized by using a beam clustering plate, namely an integrated beam gun, wherein the beam clustering plate is divided into two layers, the first layer comprises a plurality of nozzles of the integrated beam gun, the second layer comprises separators which are in one-to-one correspondence with the nozzles, the axes of the separators and the nozzles are on the same axis, and the distance between the two layers is in the range of 0.5cm to 5cm. The structure of the neutral clustering beam nozzle assembly can be used for nanometer fabrication of the nano-particle beams with relatively large areas and relatively high flux and realization of the relatively large-area nanometer spraying. The wide nano-particle beams with high particle flux realized by means of the structure are beneficial to increasing of yield in unit time when cluster beams are used for carrying out surface nanometer fabrication, reduction of energy consumption and improvement of efficiency, so that the unit cost of nanometer fabrication is effectively reduced.

A method of forming a thin film on a substrate / workpiece by sputtering, comprising steps of:(a) providing an apparatus comprising a vacuum chamber including at least one sputtering source and a gas supply means for injecting a gas containing at least one reactive component into said chamber, the gas supply means comprising a plurality of differently-sized outlet orifices adapted for providing substantially the same flow rate of gas from each orifice;(b) providing a substrate / workpiece having at least one surface for formation of a thin film thereon;(c) generating a sputtered particle flux from the at least one sputtering source;(d) injecting the gas containing the at least one reactive component into the chamber via the gas supply means, such that the same gas flow rate is provided at each orifice; and(e) forming a reactively sputtered thin film on the at least one surface of the substrate / workpiece, the reactively sputtered thin film having a substantially uniform content of the at least one reactive component.

A method is provided for measuring time varying particle fluxes with improved temporal resolution and signal to noise ratio. The particles can be photons, neutrons, electrons or electrically charged particles. The method includes a set of electronic and / or optical components and a set of algorithms that implement N-fold temporal multiplexing of the input flux. The system can be used to measure other types of flux by using a transducer to convert the flux into a compatible form. The system can include a transducer such as a scintillator that operates to convert particle flux incident into a photon flux proportional to the amplitude of particle flux. The invention can be used with multiplexing methods known to those skilled in the art, for example Hadamard and Fourier methods.

The invention discloses an acoustic emission measurement method for particle parameters in a gas-solid system. The acoustic emission measurement method comprises the following steps: acquiring an acoustic emission signal generated when particles at any position in the gas-solid system impact a shielding type wave guide rod by utilizing the shielding type wave guide rod and a sensor; analyzing thereceived acoustic emission signal, and selecting time domain, frequency domain and state space parameters as characteristic values; and carrying out correlation modeling on the acoustic emission signal characteristic value and particle parameters in the gas-solid system to realize acoustic emission detection of the particle parameters. The defect that traditional acoustic emission detection can only be used for space average parameter detection is overcome, and measurement of the local particle movement direction, the local particle speed, the local particle concentration and the local particle flux in a gas-solid system and measurement of the particle flow pattern in the gas-solid system are achieved.

The invention provides a method for assessing a radiation dose rate of an earth-orbiting satellite. The method comprises the steps of step 101, by taking an actually measured spatial particle number in a period of time as a continuous dynamic input, calculating the depths of particles with different energy in a satellite structure material and energy deposition of the particles with the different energy in a device sensitive region material by adopting a particle transport calculation tool, and forming forms separately; according to a spatial flux spectrum of the spatial particle input and in combination with a depth relationship of the spatial particles in the satellite structure material, calculating a flux spectrum of the spatial particles in a target position; step 102, after the flux spectrum of the spatial particles in the target position is obtained, in combination with an energy deposition relationship of the spatial particles with the different energy in the device sensitive region material, obtaining an energy deposition surface density sum of the spatial particles in the device sensitive region material in the target position; and step 104, according to the energy deposition surface density sum and the density of the device sensitive region material, calculating the radiation dose rate of the spatial particles in the target position.

The invention provides a double-layer core-shell structure cast tungsten carbide particle weld wire and a preparation method. The weld wire comprises outer skin and a flux core. The flux core is formed in the manner that cast tungsten carbide is wrapped with carbon-rich sintered tungsten carbide, the carbon-rich sintered tungsten carbide is wrapped with nickel base layer core-shell structure tungsten carbide to form double-layer core-shell structure cast tungsten carbide particles, and the flux core is wrapped with the outer skin. The cast tungsten carbide particles are subjected to the surface carburizing technology, cast tungsten carbide, alloy powder and binder are mixed with carbon black and nickel powder and then heated at high temperature in vacuum, then heat preserving is carried out, the mixture is modified to form the double-layer core-shell structure, after modification, carbon-rich sintered tungsten carbide and a nickel base shell layer are formed on the exterior of the particles, the core-shell structure cast tungsten carbide particle flux core is obtained, and the flux core is wrapped with the outer skin to support the weld wire. According to the weld wire, while the tungsten carbide particles are refined, the cost is reduced effectively, the interface transition layer is additionally arranged, the hard tungsten carbide particles in a build-up welding layer do notfall off easily, and the hardness and the wear-resisting property of a cladding welding layer are effectively improved.

Provided herein is a system and method designed for measuring and recording, in three-dimensional space, an attenuation of cosmic-ray induced muon particle flux through a material. The attenuation of the said muons determines density variations in the said material in terms of their density, depth, shape and size. The muon data may be combined with various other data types. The passing muons are detected and recorded by one or a plurality of muon detection apparatus designed to be robust and shock resistant. If needed, each individual muon detection apparatus may be controlled remotely or automatically. The muon detection system may be powered by an energy storage device that may be recharged using renewable energy, aggregate or electric grid. The invention comprises methods steps allowing density characterisation of the material in various dimensions, including those over time.

The present invention describes a method for coating porous separator films of lithium batteries and a coated separator film produced as a result of the respective manufacturing method. Laser ablation is used in the method for detaching particles from the target, and the particle flux vaporised by laser pulses is directed to the base material to be coated, to which the material is attached. The so-called roll-to-roll principle can be used in the method, in which the base material to be coated is directed from one roll to a second roll, and the coating occurs in the area between these rolls. In addition, rotating mirrors and a telecentric lens can be used for aligning the laser pulses as a rectilinear pulse front before guiding onto the target material.

A suspended particle flux measurement device using synchronous polarization and fluorescence, including a light source, a polarizer, an illumination optical system, a first receiving optical system, a second receiving optical system, a polarization imaging system, a fluorescence camera, and an image processing terminal, the light source The emitted light passes through the polarizer to generate incident polarized light, which is converted into a sheet light source through the illumination optical system, and illuminates multiple suspended particles in a liquid section. The first and second receiving optical systems are set at two symmetrical scattering angles , receive the scattered light of the suspended particles and send them to the polarization imaging system and the fluorescence camera respectively, so that each suspended particle forms a polarization image point and a fluorescence image point on the polarization imaging system and the fluorescence camera respectively, realizing multiple For the measurement of the flux of suspended particulate matter, the polarization-fluorescence synchronous measurement data of each suspended particulate matter is used to determine the type information of the suspended particulate matter. The device can quickly and high-throughput identify suspended particulate matter in water.

The invention relates to a current feedback protection method and system for an electron multiplier, and the method comprises the steps: receiving, converting, amplifying and collecting an anode current signal of the electron multiplier, comparing the anode current signal with a rated safety current threshold value so as to control the output of a programmable logic controller (PLC), and generating a PLC control signal which is used for controlling a motor to rotate a circular disc with a hole, and circular holes with different areas are uniformly distributed in the disc in the circumferential direction to adjust the particle receiving area. The system comprises a sampling module, a control module and an adjusting module. The sampling module comprises a pre-amplifier and a data acquisition card; the control module comprises a computer and a PLC. The adjusting module comprises a motor and a circular disc with a hole. According to the invention, the anode current of the electron multiplier is detected, and the particle receiving area is changed in real time by using the thought of feedback control so as to control the flux of incident particles, so that the anode current is adjusted, and the electron multiplier is protected from being damaged under the condition that current approaching a safety threshold and overload current appear.

The invention relates to an electronic device soft error rate evaluation method and device, computer equipment, a storage medium and a computer program product. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a flux-energy spectrum of particles released by a packaging material of the electronic device; performing reverse analysis on the electronic device, and determining medium attribute information between an active area of the electronic device and the packaging material; determining a particle flux-effective linear energy transfer value spectrum of the electronic device in the active area according to the flux-energy spectrum and the medium attribute information; acquiring a single event effect cross section value-effective linear energy transfer value spectrum of the electronic device obtained by performing an irradiation test on the electronic device; and calculating the particle flux-effective linear energy transfer value spectrum and the single event effect cross section value-effective linear energy transfer value spectrum to determine the soft error rate of the electronic device. By adopting the method, the evaluation precision of the soft error rate of the electronic device can be improved.

The present invention provides an early warning method based on the relationship between satellites in orbit affected by the space environment, which includes: obtaining the time-domain correlation Xo(T) between the two whose reliability and correlation exceed the set threshold; obtaining satellite The quantitative index G(t) of the computer SRAM device in the star mission center affected by the space radiation environment at time t; multiple supportability values ​​and multiple credibility values ​​are obtained according to the correlation between G(t) and A(t), Select an association relationship with the largest support value among multiple support values. If the support value is greater than 0.6, the alarm information is "yes" and the confidence value corresponding to the support value is the warning value Y( t), if the support value is less than or equal to 0.6, the alarm information is "none". The present invention can carry out early warning of satellite on-orbit anomalies through the analysis of the relationship between single event effects and satellite on-orbit anomalies and according to the real-time data of space-borne high-energy particle flux detection equipment, and has the advantages of high reliability, pertinence and accuracy.

The invention discloses a radiation shield calculation method based on coupling of a Monte Carlo method and a characteristic line method. Through the coupling of the Monte Carlo method and the characteristic method, the Monte Carlo method is adopted at a radiation source area complex in geometry for simulation and the non-uniform amendatory characteristic line method is adopted in a shield layer area simple in geometry for simulation to obtain distribution result of radiating particle flux in the shield layer, wherein the Monte Carlo method has the advantages of being capable of accurately simulating the transporting process of particles in multi-dimensional complex geometry, and the characteristic line method has the advantages of being small in limit to calculation models, fast in calculation speed, free of ray effect, and capable of obtaining high-accuracy calculation results. Compared with a traditional shielding calculation method, the radiation shield calculation method based on the coupling of the Monte Carlo method and the characteristic line method are capable of penetrating a shield area deeply to obtain better geometry adaptability, higher calculation efficiency and more accurate calculation accuracy.

The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy smelting, in particular to a granular flux for processing aluminum alloys and a preparation method thereof; the present invention uses sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate and sodium fluorosilicate as the preparation granular flux The prepared granular flux can be used for the separation of surface slag and aluminum in the process of aluminum alloy processing, smelting and casting. The granular flux generates a large amount of heat when used to heat up the slag layer, improving the fluidity of slag and helping the separation of slag and aluminum; The invention shows through a large number of experimental data that, to remove the same amount of aluminum slag, the usage amount of the granular flux of the present invention is 0.65-0.82 of the traditional flux usage amount, the usage cost is low, and it is more conducive to environmental protection.

The invention discloses a kind of method of measurement the solid particle three-dimensional density field in the gas and solid two phase flow, velocity field and equipment. The particle flux transmitting tube is laid at the front of high rate stereoscopic vision system which is consisted by the double look-out angle lens stereoscope and the high rate camera and the jet stream particle is refracted through the double look-out angle lens stereoscope mirror face and the single high rate camera target area can achieve the particle flux graphic with two different angles at the same time and afterthe graphic is input the computer a program module which is consisted by the pattern recognition algorithm procedure and three-inversion projection algorithm procedure treats the particle diagram andthen get the transient three-dimensional density field. The program module treats series microsecond class time sequence changeable particle graphic and gets the particle three-dimensional movement trace and the velocity field. It is stabilize by using the single camera system and overcomes the problem of multiple camera system's constructer is complex and the synchronism is bad.