76 results about "Low ionic strength" patented technology

A method for enhancing recovery of crude oil from a porous subterranean formation of which the pore spaces contain crude oil and connate water comprises:—determining the Ionic Strength (Mol/l) of the connate water; and—injecting an aqueous displacement fluid having a lower Ionic Strength (Mol/l) than the connate water into the formation, which aqueous displacement fluid furthermore has an Ionic Strength below 0.15 Mol/l. FIGS. 13 and 16 and Table 4 demonstrate that injection of an aqueous displacement fluid with lower Ionic Strength than the connate water improves oil recovery (IOR).

There is disclosed a method for enhancing recovery of crude oil from a porous subterranean carbonate formation of which the pore spaces contain crude oil and connate water, the method comprising determining an ionic strength of the connate water; and injecting an aqueous displacement fluid having a lower ionic strength than the connate water into the formation.

The present invention is related to glucose sensors that are capable of detecting the concentration or level of glucose in a solution or fluid having either low or high ionic strength. The glucose sensors of the present invention comprise a polymerized crystalline colloidal array (PCCA) and a molecular recognition component capable of responding to glucose. The molecular recognition component may be a boronic acid, such as a phenylboronic acid, glucose oxidase, a combination of phenylboronic acid and poly(ethylene)glycol or crown ether, or another component capable of detecting glucose in various fluids and solutions. The glucose sensors of the present invention may be useful in the development of noninvasive or minimally invasive in vivo glucose sensors for patients having diabetes mellitus.

Methods and systems for use of switchable water, which is capable of reversibly switching between an initial ionic strength and an increased ionic strength, is described. The disclosed methods and systems can be used, for example, in distillation-free removal of water from solvents, solutes, or solutions, desalination, clay settling, viscosity switching, etc. Switching from lower to higher ionic strength is readily achieved using low energy methods such as bubbling with C0₂, CS₂ or COS or treatment with Bronsted acids. Switching from higher to lower ionic strength is readily achieved using low energy methods such as bubbling with air, inert gas, heating, agitating, introducing a vacuum or partial vacuum, or any combination or thereof.

The synthesis of precipitated silica having improved chemical and physical properties of use as a reinforcing filler in polymeric matrices is described. Improvements in the properties result from the synthesis of the silica al a reduced ionic strength. In particular, the use of silicia acid during synthesis, provides a solution of reduced ionic strength, which favors the formation of improved colloidal structure via increased aggregation and reduced agglomeration. In addition, the surface of the silica precipitate formed may be modified by the addition of surface modifying agents, during synthesis to further enhance the desired reinforcing properties of the precipitated silica. The invention also embodies polymeric compositions of improved tensile and elongation strengths, with the compositions including precipitated silica, synthesized at reduced ionic strengths and having modified surfaces, in combination with a polymeric compound.

A cell permeabilization and stabilization reagent and method of use are disclosed. The reagent contains a N-acyl sarcosine or a salt thereof, a pH adjusting agent to adjust pH of the reagent in a range from about 4 to about 6; and an aqueous medium; the reagent having a low ionic strength defined by a conductivity of less than 9.0 mS/cm. The reagent further contains bovine serum albumin and glycerol. The reagent may further include an alkyl sulfate surfactant. Upon incubating the cells with the reagent, the reagent permeates the cellular membrane to allow penetration of an intracellular marker, causes intracellular protein aggregation within the cellular membrane, while preserves a cellular constituent for binding with a cellular marker for subsequent analysis by flow cytometry.

A method and system for reversibly converting water between an initial ionic strength and an increased ionic strength, using a switchable additive, is described. The disclosed method and system can be used, for example, in distillation-free removal of water from solvents, solutes, or solutions. Following extraction of a solute from a medium by dissolving it in water, the solute can then be isolated from the aqueous solution or “salted-out” by converting the water to a solution having an increased ionic strength. The solute then separates from the increased ionic strength solution as a separate phase. Once the solute is, for example, decanted off, the increased ionic strength aqueous solution can be converted back to water having its original ionic strength and reused. Switching from lower to higher ionic strength is readily achieved using low energy methods such as bubbling with CO₂, CS₂ or COS. Switching from higher to lower ionic strength is readily achieved using low energy methods such as bubbling with air, heating, agitating, introducing a vacuum or partial vacuum, or any combination or thereof.

Described herein are devices, systems, and methods for determining the composition of liquids, including the identity of one or more drugs in the liquid, the concentration of the drug, and the type of diluent using immittance spectroscopy. These devices, systems and methods are particularly useful for describing the identity and, in some variations, concentration of one or more components of a medical liquid such as intravenous fluid. In particular, described herein are devices, systems and methods that may operate in low ionic strength diluents. Also described are methods of recognizing complex immittance spectrograph patterns to determine the composition of a liquid by pattern recognition.

A rapid separation and purification process of C-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin from blue algae, which pertains to separation and purification of phycocyanin technical field. The invention extracts C-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin by freeze dissolving and intensified swelling with low ions, finally carries out primary purification after precipitation with ammonia sulfate, elutes buffer liquid with constant ionic strength and pH gradient by DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow ionexchange chromatography, so that C-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with high purity is obtained by one step. The process is easy in operation, time and energy saving, with little requirements to apparatus, high in yield. The process also dramatically lower preparation cost of CPC and APC, thus lays a foundation for CPC and APC application in ultrasensitive detection in biomedical.

The invention relates to a convergent detection type erythrocyte blood type irregular antibody detection kit based on a solid-phase agglutination technology and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of kit preparation. The kit comprises (1) a convergent detection type solid-phase agglutination reaction micro-plate; (2) a low-ion-strength solution; (3) an indication system; (4) negative control serum; and (5) positive control serum. The preparation method comprises the following steps of (1) preparing the convergent detection type solid-phase agglutination reaction micro-plate; (2) preparing the low-ion-strength solution; (3) preparing the indication system; (4) preparing the negative control serum; and (5) preparing the positive control serum; and through innovative utilization of high specificity adsorption of the erythrocyte by virtue of a monoclonal antibody, a freeze-drying preservation technology and a high-sensitivity two-step method indication system,the problems of low sensitivity, difficulty in storing the erythrocyte, easiness in leak detection and the like in an existing clinically irregular antibody detection method are practically solved, and the high-cost-performance detection kit is provided for the clinical front-line detection work.

The invention discloses a fritillariae cirrhosae bulbus polysaccharide extraction, separation and purification technology. As a novel supercritical CO2 extraction technology is utilized, the defects that a general method is low in extraction rate and not high in purity are overcome; quaternary ammonium salt cetyl pyridinium chloride monohydrate and fritillariae cirrhosae bulbus polysaccharide can precipitate in water solution with low ionic strength; when the ionic strength is high, precipitate can be dissolved, dissociated and released, and the purification effect is good; DEAE-Sephadex ionic exchange column chromatography is utilized to further remove neutral impurities and impurities with positive charges, and the separation and purification effect is better.

The invention provides a skin disinfectant for treating skin with eczema, preventing bacterial proliferation, and removing biofilm. Compositions of the invention include hypochlorous acid, acetic acid, water, and one or more additives or excipients. The formulation process removes metal ions, reduces ionic strength, controls pH, and reduces exposure to air, thus improving stability and lengthening shelf-life.

The invention provides a method of washing a laundry fabric in a wash liquor in a washing machine, wherein during a single wash cycle no more than 10% by weight of the wash liquor is drained from the washing machine, wherein said method comprises the step of varying the ionic strength of the wash liquor over at least 10% of the duration of the wash cycle by addition of one or more ionic ingredients to the wash liquor, and wherein the lowest ionic strength of the wash liquor is from 0.001 to 0.06 M and the highest ionic strength of the wash liquor is from 0.01 to 0.5 M.

The invention discloses an extraction, separation and purification process of brasenia schreberi polysaccharide. According to the process, the supercritical CO2 extraction technology is utilized, the defect that the extraction rate is low through a hot water extraction method and a NaOH extraction method is overcome, and the safety problem appearing in the situation that strong base needs to be used in NaOH extraction does not exist. When a crude product of the brasenia schreberi polysaccharide is purified, alkaline protease is adopted for treating and removing protein; cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and the brasenia schreberi polysaccharide can form quaternary amine complexes, the complexes do not dissolve in an aqueous solution with a low ionic strength and can dissociate and dissolve when the ionic strength is high, and the separation and purification effect is better; by using 312 weak-acid anionic exchange resin chromatography, some positively-charged impurities can be removed, and the separation and purification effect is better.

The invention discloses an oat fish ball. The oat fish ball is prepared from raw materials in parts by weight as follows: 500-510 parts of silver carp meat, 10-11 parts of pomelo peels, 3-4 parts of crab cream, 20-21 parts of oat, 2-3 parts of cortex albiziae, 4-5 parts of spina date seeds, 1-2 parts of tuber fleeceflower stems, a proper amount of isomaltooligosaccharide, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 0.1-0.2 parts of protease, 9-10 parts of table salt, 2-3 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 2-3 parts of yeast, 15-20 parts of egg white powder and 50-55 parts of starch. The oat fish ball has little fishy smell, has peculiar delicious flavor of fish meat and strong aftertaste, tastes fine, has dense cross section and is high in elasticity; added isomaltooligosaccharide improves the solubility of myofibrillar protein in a low ionic strength solution and facilitates formation of gel. Besides, the oat fish ball has high calcium content, contains multiple Chinese herbal medicine ingredients and has the efficacy of tranquilizing the mind by nourishing the heart.