The invention discloses a ground support structure for a high and low temperature environment simulation test system, comprising a bottom heat storage structure, an invar bottom support structure, a heat preservation structure and an invar non-deformation platform; the support structure is divided into four layers from bottom to top, The bottom heat storage structure, the Invar bottom support structure, the thermal insulation structure and the Invar non-deformation platform are in sequence; the bottom heat storage structure includes the foundation pit waterproof coating, the melon seed sheet heat storage layer and the cement mortar leveling layer; the Invar bottom support structure includes Bottom embedded steel plate, Invar rib, Invar steel tube, stainless steel sealing plate at the bottom of the box, stainless steel bellows, Invar mesh rib, Invar mounting flange, stainless steel bottom plate and carbon steel I-beam frame; thermal insulation structure includes Insulation glass brick, pressure steel plate and asbestos plate; Invar non-deformable platform including non-deformation platform and connecting bolts. The whole supporting structure of the present invention has strong load-bearing capacity and high and low temperature resistance, and has good stability, deformation resistance and safety.