The invention discloses a quality control method of a dampness-resolving toxin-vanquishing composition. The dampness-resolving toxin-vanquishing composition is mainly prepared from the following components: herba ephedrae, fried semen armeniacae amarae, gypsum, liquorice root, herba pogostemonis, cortex magnoliae officinalis, rhizoma atractylodis fried with bran, fried semen tsaoko, rhizoma pinellinae praeparata, poria cocos, radix et rhizoma rhei, radix astragali, semen lepidii and radix paeoniae rubra. The quality control method of the dampness-resolving toxin-vanquishing composition comprises the following steps: (1) determining the content of total anthraquinone, the content of free anthraquinone, the content of ephedrine hydrochloride, the content of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride andthe content of paeoniflorin in the dampness-resolving toxin-vanquishing composition by adopting high performance liquid chromatography, and calculating the content of combined anthraquinone, wherein the combined anthraquinone content is equal to the sum of the total anthraquinone content and the free anthraquinone content; and (2) identifying ephedra, liquorice and mangnolia officinalis by adopting thin-layer chromatography. By implementing the method, each link in the production process of the dampness-resolving toxin-vanquishing composition can be well controlled, and the quality stability and controllability of the product are effectively ensured.