32 results about "Cathode bias" patented technology

The invention relates to a fuel cell metal dual pole plate assembly for enhancing the fluid uniformity. The assembly is formed by connecting a single negative plate and a single positive plate, wherein the single negative plate and the single positive plate are prepared from metal sheets and have runners with different heights. After connection, sealing members are installed in sealing grooves on two sides of the two pole plates. Cathode gas, anode gas, and coolant can enter into / exit from corresponding flow fields from respective main pipelines through a direct connection channel. The heights of runners in the cathode and anode flow field reaction zones both decrease along the flowing direction of the cathode gas and anode gas. Compared with the prior art, the provided assembly can compensate the gas loss so as to avoid uneven gas distribution; the electrochemical reaction activity in a fuel cell is improved therefore, and moreover, the flowing speed of reaction gas in the flow field outlet area is accelerated so that the generated liquid water in the air runner can be discharged in time when the fuel cell is in a high current density state.

A method of electroplating a metal on a cathodically biased wafer substrate employs an electroplating apparatus having a main anode, an auxiliary electrode and an ionic current collimator, where the ionic current collimator is configured to direct ionic current that is generated by the main anode from a periphery of a plating vessel to its center. During electroplating, in a first electroplating stage (e.g., when terminal effect is pronounced), the metal is plated onto the wafer while the auxiliary electrode is cathodically biased; and in a second electroplating stage (e.g., when terminal effect subsides), the metal is plated onto the wafer while the auxiliary electrode is anodically biased. In some embodiments the auxiliary electrode is located between the ionic current collimator and the wafer, and is configured to redistribute ionic current that has passed through the collimator. The method is useful for improving the uniformity of electroplating.

The invention discloses a cathode bus-bar configuration method of an ultra-large aluminum electrolytic cell. The total quantity of end compensating current is rated and cell bottom bus-bars adopt alternate compensation for offset, that is, the total current quantity flowing through a flue end is controlled within 100-150 kA, the current quantity of an aluminum discharge end is controlled within 80-120 kA, and the rest current on the A side bypasses the multiple cell bottom bus-bars. The routing manner of cathode bus-bars is designed accordingly, and specific parameters of cathode bus-bars of the electrolytic cell, independent compensation bus-bars, cell spacing and plant spacing are determined according to the calculated result of a magnetic fluid model. With the adoption of the cathode bus-bar configuration method of the ultra-large aluminum electrolytic cell, basic configuration of the bus-bars of the ultra-large aluminum electrolytic cell can be determined quickly, the vertical magnetic field and the horizontal magnetic field of melt can be effectively reduced, uniform distribution of the magnetic fields in the long axis direction of the cell is realized, stable operation of the aluminum electrolytic cell is realized, and the current efficiency of the electrolytic cell is improved.

The present invention relates to a semiconductor device, a power conversion device, a drive device, a vehicle, and an elevator. The semiconductor device of the embodiment includes: a first diode having a first anode and a first cathode, and the first anode is used in connection with the first electrode and the second electrode of the semiconductor element having the first electrode, the second electrode and the gate electrode. Any one of them is electrically connected; a first capacitor has a first end and a first other end, and the first end is electrically connected to the first cathode; a bias element has a first bias element end and a second bias element end , the end of the first bias element is electrically connected to the first cathode and the first end, and the end of the second bias element is used to electrically connect with the positive pole of the DC power supply having the positive pole and the negative pole; the second diode has the second anode and the The second cathode, the second anode is electrically connected to the first other end; the second capacitor has the second end and the second other end, the second end is electrically connected to the second cathode; the switch is electrically connected to the second capacitor in parallel Between one end of the second end and the other end of the second; an analog-to-digital converter or a sample-and-hold circuit electrically connected to the second cathode and the second end; a third diode having a third anode electrically connected to the other end of the second, and connected to the second end. The third cathode electrically connected to the other end of the first and the second anode.

The present invention relates to temperature and / or reactive cleaning by utilizing the temperature and / or reactive cleaning of a cathode capable of growing / etching an indirectly heated cathode in an ion implantation system by monitoring the cathode bias power and taking corrective action depending on the comparison value Reagents are used to etch or regrow the cathode to clean an ion implantation system or components thereof.

The invention discloses a bus configuration method for an aluminum electrolysis cell with equidistant current paths. A bus of an electrolysis cell (7) comprises a cathode soft bus (1), a current inlet side cathode bus (2), a cell bottom through bus (3), a cell side bus (4), a current outlet cathode bus (5) and downstream cell column buses (6), wherein 50% of current in the electrolysis cell flows out through the cathode soft bus (1) at the current inlet side, respectively flows into the current inlet side cathode bus (2) or the cell bottom through bus (3), and respectively converges into the four downstream cell column buses (6) through the cell side bus (4); and 50% of current also flows out through the cathode soft bus (1) at the current outlet side, and respectively converges into the four downstream cell column buses (6) through the current outlet cathode bus (5). A large cross section is adopted in the current inlet side cathode bus and the cell side bus of the electrolysis cell, and a small cross section is adopted in the current outlet side cathode bus of the electrolysis cell. According to the bus configuration method disclosed by the invention, stable electrolysis cell production process and higher current efficiency are guaranteed by adopting current path equidistance bus configuration and changing the cross section and current quantity of the bus.

In a CRT display device including a CRT (MM tube) having brightness higher than that in the background-art CRT, it is an object of the present invention to improve contrast and prevent conspicuous recognition of noises. A video signal modulation circuit (10) modulates a video signal (9) (first video signal) into a second video signal having a signal level in an area of low gradation level lower than a signal level of the first video signal. A cathode bias voltage source (7) generates a driving voltage on the basis of the second video signal. It is therefore possible to keep the driving voltage in the area of low gradation level low and reduce brightness in the area of low gradation level of a CRT (1). As a result, noises of an image in the area of low gradation level are not conspicuously recognized and a contrast value is increased, resulting in improvement in image quality.