The invention discloses a docetaxel freeze-dried microemulsion preparation and a preparation method thereof. The docetaxel freeze-dried microemulsion preparation comprises the following raw materials by weight: 0.05-5 parts of docetaxel, 0.1-40 parts of an oil phase, 5-30 parts of a surfactant, 0-40 parts of a cosurfactant, 5-85 parts of a hydrophilic phase, 0-15 parts of a cosolvent, 0-5 parts of an antioxidant, and 1-40 parts of a freeze-drying protective agent. Specifically, the surfactant is one or several of polyethylene glycol-8-caprylin / caprin, polyoxyethylene castor oil, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, poloxamer, polyethylene glycol-12-hydroxystearate, polyethylene glycol stearate 15 and sorbitan monooleate. The preparation method includes: preparing the raw materials into a microemulsion according to the ratio, and then conducting freeze-drying. Before clinical use, the docetaxel freeze-dried microemulsion preparation has no need for a tedious two-step dilution process, after redissolving, the docetaxel freeze-dried microemulsion preparation can be subjected to intravenous injection, and has no vascular irritation and small allergic reaction. Hemolytic experiments show that the docetaxel freeze-dried microemulsion preparation does not generate hemolysis.