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783 results about "Polyene" patented technology
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Polyenes are poly-unsaturated organic compounds that contain at least three alternating double and single carbon–carbon bonds. These carbon–carbon double bonds interact in a process known as conjugation resulting in some unusual optical properties. Related to polyenes are dienes, where there are only two alternating double and single bonds.
Antimicrobial Compositions
InactiveUS20080194518A1Improve antibacterial propertiesGood curative effectAntibacterial agentsBiocideCarbohydrate derivativeAmmonium compounds
An antimicrobial composition, including a synergistic combination of three or more agents as an active ingredient. Each of the three or more potentiating agents can be selected from the following types of compounds: sequestering agents, carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives, terpenes / terpenoids, amines and amine derivatives, plant-derived oils, sulfonates, phenols, fatty acids, dibenzofuran derivatives, organo isothiocyanates, quaternary ammonium compounds, peroxides and peroxide donors, and macrolide polyenes. At least two of the three or more potentiating agents are not of the same type of compound. The antimicrobial composition can have strong antimicrobial efficacy in control of microorganisms having resistance to currently used antimicrobials.
Owner:STERILEX TECH LLC
Optical method and apparatus for determining status of agricultural products
InactiveUS7215420B2Improve efficiencyAutomation of quality controlRadiation pyrometryComponent separationBeta-CaroteneLycopene
A spectroscopic method, preferably Raman scattering, is used to rapidly determine the general health or stress status of living plants and plant products, including agricultural crops, forests, and harvested fruits and vegetables. In the preferred embodiments, carotenoid levels are used to provide an indication of oxidative deterioration. Based upon the results of the analysis, further action may or may not be taken, for example, in terms of choosing, picking, harvesting or sorting the agricultural product in accordance with the carotenoid level. Concentration levels of an analyte substance can be determined relative to an external standard, to each other, or relative to another substance in the item being analyzed. Carotenoids such as lycopene, beta-carotene, lutein, violaxanthin, neoxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin are determined according to the invention, through other plant components may be analyzed such as other terpenes, polyenes, chlorophyll, proteins, starches, sugars, overall nitrogen levels, flavonoids, and vitamins. The hardware associated with the invention may be field portable or mounted on a piece of equipment such as a harvester or sorter.
Owner:UNIV OF UTAH RES FOUND
Crosslinkable rubber compositions and uses thereof
The crosslinkable rubber composition is crosslinkable at room temperature, has a gelation time at room temperature of 30 days or less, and can prepare a crosslinked rubber sheet by crosslinking the composition at room temperature, wherein the crosslinked rubber sheet has a tensile elongation of 20% or more, and is free of cracks after treatment at 40° C. in a 50 pphm ozone concentration for 96 hr. Specifically, it comprises an ethylene / alpha-olefin / non-conjugated polyene random copolymer rubber comprising a norbornene compound having a specific vinyl end group, an SiH group-containing compound, which has at least two SiH groups in one molecule, and optionally a platinum catalyst, a reaction inhibitor and / or a silane-coupling agent. The sealing, potting and coating materials and adhesives of the present invention comprise the above rubber composition. The rubber composition has a high crosslinking rate at room temperature and excellent productivity, and can prepare crosslinked rubber molded products (including foamed products) having excellent weathering resistance, ozone resistance, heat aging resistance and compression set at low cost. Further, it is suitable for use of electric and electronic parts, transportation machines, civil engineering and construction materials, medical appliances and goods for leisure activities.
Owner:MITSUI CHEM INC
Nutrition balanced mixed oil containing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and producing method thereof
ActiveCN101124928AAvoid forgetting to takeComplementary scienceEdible oils/fatsFood preparationOMEGA-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDSFish oil
The invention relates to a nutrition even blend oil which contains Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid. The blend oil uses the plant grease such as peanut oil, sunflower oil as the material oil, uses furl seal oil, seaweed oil, fish oil or polyene fish oil as the alloyed oil, and uses tea polyphenol and vitamin E as the anti-crawl oxidant. The accession volume can be calculated according to the physiology and the nutrition need of different people and the fatty acid content of the oil; each 100 gram blend oil contains: SFA 12 to 18 grams, MUFA 39 to 46 grams, Omega-6 PUFA 31 to 38 grams, Omega-3 PUFA 5 to 9 grams; wherein, Omega-3 LCPUFA 0.1 to 5.0 grams, DHA:(DPA+EPA) 0.25 to 10:1, DHA:EPA 4:1 to 60:1, or DHA:DPA 2:1 to 10:1, no EPA, or HAD without DPA and EPA. The blend oil has the functions of promoting the brain growth and defending short sight and cerebrovascular disease, etc.
Owner:张国浩 +1
Rubber composition, crosslinked product and foam thereof, molded product therefrom, and use thereof
ActiveUS20090239014A1Excellent in rigidity and compression set and shape memory propertyImprove compatibilityClosuresOther chemical processesPolymer sciencePolyolefin
The present invention provides a molded product exhibiting excellent various properties by improving compatibility of an ethylene / α-olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer with a polyolefin resin and a rubber composition for forming the molded product. The present invention further provides a molded product which comprises a rubber composition, is inhibited from fogging and tackiness and is excellent in mechanical strength and heat aging resistance. The rubber composition of the invention comprises an ethylene / α-olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer (A), and a polyolefin resin (B) having Mn of not less than 10,000 and / or an ethylene / α-olefin copolymer (C) having Mn of 2500 to 5000, and satisfies the following requirements: (1) a maximum value and a minimum value of an ethylene distribution parameter P of the component (A) have a relationship of Pmax / Pmin≦1.4, and (2) the B value of the component (C) ([EX] / (2[E]×[X])) ([E] and [X] are molar fractions of ethylene and the α-olefin of 3 to 20 carbon atoms, respectively, and [EX] is a fraction of dyad sequence of ethylene / α-olefin of 3 to 20 carbon atoms) is not more than 1.05.
Owner:MITSUI CHEM INC
Materials for making shoe soles and processing method
The invention discloses a novel sole material and a processing method for manufacturing the sole material. The main raw materials of the raw material formula are poly vinyl acetate and linear low density polyethylene, wherein, the main function of POE polyene elastomer or SBS thermoplastic rubber is to render soles elastic and malleable; the main function of a foaming agent is to act on the foaming performance of the soles so that the soles have softness; the main function of a cross-linking agent is the generation of effects of lubrication, softness and no sticky mold. During processes of material mixing, performing plastication and the extrusion granulation, various process conditions can be well handled so that the physical and chemical properties of materials can be well embodied. The soles manufactured with the material formula and the manufacturing method has the advantages of high strength, good tenacity, enough flexibility, being free-crack, good stability and comfortable wearing.
Owner:牟海妲
Thermoplastic crack resistant type low smoke zero halogen flame-retardant polyolefin cable sheath material and preparation method thereof
InactiveCN102020804ACrack resistantImprove flame retardant performancePlastic/resin/waxes insulatorsInsulated cablesThermoplasticPolyolefin
The invention discloses a thermoplastic crack resistant type low smoke zero halogen flame-retardant polyolefin cable sheath material and a preparation method thereof. The cable sheath material comprises the following components in part by weight: 100 parts of polyolefin blend matrix resin, 90 to 150 parts of inorganic flame retardant subjected to surface modification, 10 to 20 parts of high molecular compatilizer, 3 to 20 parts of multifunctional modifier, 1 to 1.5 parts of antioxidant and 1 to 2 parts of processing aid. The preparation method of the cable material comprises the following steps of: blending and extruding polyene resin; performing surface treatment on the inorganic flame retardant; preparing materials; mixing; extruding; granulating and the like. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the cable sheath material has crack resistance, high flame retardancy and high processability, is environmentally friendly, is easy to recycle and the like.
Owner:山东安澜电力科技有限公司 +1
Copolymer, rubber composition, cross-linked rubber, cross-linked foam, and uses thereof
ActiveUS9193856B2Adequate foamabilityLarge expansion ratioBuilding constructionsCross-linkActivation energy
Owner:MITSUI CHEM INC
Crosslinkable rubber compositions and uses thereof
Owner:MITSUI CHEM INC
Aqueous Systems For The Preparation Of Lipid Based Pharmaceutical Compounds; Compositions, Methods, And Uses Thereof
InactiveUS20100068251A1Simple and rapid and to produceSimple and rapid inspectionBiocidePowder deliveryDiseaseOrganic solvent
The present invention relates to a methods of preparing active compounds complexed with lipids using aqueous systems that are free of organic solvents, and methods of using the complexes, e.g., in treating a disease in a subject. In some embodiments, the present invention comprises a composition comprising a complex comprising at least one active compound, e.g., a polyene antibiotic, an immunosuppressant agent such as tacrolimus or a taxane or taxane derivative, and one or more lipids. In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method comprising preparing a composition comprising a lipid complex comprising at least one active compound and at least one lipid and administering the composition to a subject. In certain embodiments the subject is a mammal. In certain preferred embodiments, the subject is human.
Owner:JINA PHARMA
Rubber Composition and Use Thereof
InactiveUS20080188621A1Improve braking performanceIncrease fuel consumptionSpecial tyresPolymer scienceAlpha-olefin
Provided is a rubber composition which can give a tire excellent in braking performance and fuel consumption and which is excellent in mechanical strength and fatigue resistance, and a use thereof.The rubber composition of the present invention contains a (A) 60 to 0.1 parts by weight of a nonconjugated polyene copolymer, which is a random copolymer containing 96 to 70 mol % of the structural units derived from α-olefin (A1) and 4 to 30 mol % of the structural units derived from a nonconjugated polyene (A2), and has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of −25 to 20° C.,(B) 40 to 99.9 parts by weight of a diene rubber and(C) at least one selected from the group consisting of specific polymers.
Owner:MITSUI CHEM INC +1
Ultra porous hydrogel complex substance, preparing method and use in pharmaceutics thereof
InactiveCN1488331AHigh mechanical strengthGood bioadhesionPeptide/protein ingredientsPharmaceutical delivery mechanismCross-linkFoaming agent
The invention discloses an ultra-multiaperture hydrogel compound, making method and application in pharmacy. It contains cross-linked polymer and Carbomer. At least one unsaturated alkene monomer and polyene cross-linking agent polymerize to develop it. The making steps: mix at least one unsaturated alkene monomer, one polyene cross-linking agent, Carbomer and one foaming agent; the mixture develops it on the condition of polymerizing and foaming. It can be used in stomach floating preparation and protein polypeptide oral medicine supplying system.
Owner:FUDAN UNIV
Process of making polymer blends
In a process for producing a polymer blend, at least one first monomer is polymerized in a first slurry phase reaction zone in the presence of a supported first catalyst to produce a thermoplastic first polymer having a crystallinity of at least 30%. At least part of said first polymer is then contacted with at least one second monomer different from said first monomer in a second solution phase reaction zone in the presence of a second catalyst and in the absence of polyenes under conditions to produce a second polymer having a crystallinity of less than 20%.
Owner:EXXONMOBIL CHEM PAT INC
Preparation method of polyene-containing taxol nanoparticle mixed micelle preparation and freeze-drying agent
InactiveCN101804021AImprove solubilityHigh metabolic stabilityOrganic active ingredientsPowder deliveryMixed micelleFreeze-drying
The invention discloses a preparation method of a polyene-containing taxol nanoparticle mixed micelle preparation and a freeze-drying agent, which prepares docetaxel PLA-PEG nanoparticles or micelle or nanoparticle mixed micelle through a modified solvent evaporation method, takes PLA-PEG copolymer as a carrier, and wraps docetaxel in a PLA hydrophobic core. When in use, the docetaxel PLA-PEG containing long cycle freeze-dried preparation only needs to be added with water and is dissolved, and uniform nanoparticle suspension, micellar solution or mixed micellar nanoparticle suspension can be prepared. The preparation method does not need tween-80 and ethanol solubilization, only takes the biodegradable PLA-PEG as the carrier, and does not contain any surfactant; and compared with the docetaxel injection on sale, the preparation can reduce the toxicity and the adverse reactions of the medicine, and improve the clinical application safety of the medicine.
Owner:SHANDONG UNIV
Carotenoid analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of liver disease
InactiveUS20050004235A1Increase connexin expressionAmeliorate proliferationBiocideHydrocarbon active ingredientsDiseaseSynthetic analogue
A method of treating liver disease in a subject. The method may include administering to the subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable formulation. The pharmaceutically acceptable formulation may include a synthetic analog or derivative of a carotenoid. The subject may be administered a carotenoid analog or derivative, either alone or in combination with another carotenoid analog or derivative, or co-antioxidant formulation. The carotenoid analog may include a conjugated polyene with between 7 to 14 double bonds. The conjugated polyene may include an acyclic alkene including at least one substituent and / or a cyclic ring including at least one substituent. In some embodiments, a carotenoid analog or derivative may include at least one substituent.
Owner:CARDAX PHARMA
Process of making polymer blends
In a process for producing a polymer blend, at least one first monomer is polymerized in a first slurry phase reaction zone in the presence of a supported first catalyst comprising a Ziegler-Natta component to produce a thermoplastic first polymer having a crystallinity of at least 30%. At least part of said first polymer is then contacted with at least one second monomer different from said first monomer and at least one polyene in a second solution phase reaction zone in the presence of a second catalyst under conditions to produce and at least partially cross-link said second polymer such that said second polymer comprises at least a fraction which is insoluble in xylene and has a crystallinity of less than 20%.
Owner:EXXONMOBIL CHEM PAT INC
Antimicrobial compositions
InactiveUS20090312279A1Improve antibacterial propertiesGood curative effectBiocideHydrocarbon active ingredientsCarbohydrate derivativeAmmonium compounds
An antimicrobial composition, including a synergistic combination of three or more agents as an active ingredient. Each of the three or more potentiating agents can be selected from the following types of compounds: sequestering agents, carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives, terpenes / terpenoids, amines and amine derivatives, plant-derived oils, sulfonates, phenols, fatty acids, dibenzofuran derivatives, organo isothiocyanates, quaternary ammonium compounds, peroxides and peroxide donors, and macrolide polyenes. At least two of the three or more potentiating agents are not of the same type of compound. The antimicrobial composition can have strong antimicrobial efficacy in control of microorganisms having resistance to currently used antimicrobials.
Owner:STERILEX TECH LLC
Carotenoid analogs or derivatives for controlling C-reactive protein levels
InactiveUS20050059659A1Increase connexin expressionAmeliorate proliferationBiocideHydrocarbon active ingredientsSynthetic analogueAntioxidant
A method of controlling (e.g., influencing or affecting) C-reactive protein levels in a subject may include administering to the subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable formulation. The pharmaceutically acceptable formulation may include a synthetic analog or derivative of a carotenoid. The subject may be administered a carotenoid analog or derivative, either alone or in combination with another carotenoid analog or derivative, or co-antioxidant formulation. The carotenoid analog may include a conjugated polyene with between 7 to 14 double bonds. The conjugated polyene may include an acyclic alkene including at least one substituent and / or a cyclic ring including at least one substituent. In some embodiments, a carotenoid analog or derivative may include at least one substituent.
Owner:CARDAX PHARMA
Crosslinkable rubber composition and use thereof
A rubber composition which is crosslinkable with hot air or a hot press and gives a hot-air-crosslinked rubber sheet which receives no scratch on the surface in an HB pencil hardness test and has a compression set of 70% or lower through 22-hour heat treatment at 150 DEG C. The composition comprises: an ethylene / alpha -olefin / unconjugated polyene random copolymer rubber wherein the unconjugated polyene is a specific norbornene compound terminated by a vinyl group; and a compound having two or more SiH groups per molecule. It may optionally contain an addition reaction catalyst comprising a platinum-group metal and a reaction inhibitor.
Owner:MITSUI CHEM INC +1
Mushrooms
A substrate for mushroom cultivation comprises a polyene fungicide, in particular, natamycin. Mushrooms cultivated in such substrates can be harvested earlier than mushrooms cultivated in substrates which do not include polyene fungicides. Alternatively, mushrooms grown in a substrate comprising a polyene fungicide achieve a greater size than mushrooms grown for the same amount of time in a substrate which does not include a polyene fungicide.
Owner:SYLVAN +1
Epoxy resin self-repairing microcapsule and preparation method thereof
InactiveCN104624132AComposition is easy to controlImprove stabilityMicroballoon preparationMicrocapsule preparationEpoxyEmulsion polymerization
The invention provides an epoxy resin self-repairing microcapsule and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: mixing a water phase containing inorganic nanoparticles and water with an oil phase containing epoxy resin, monoolefin monomer, a polyene cross-linking agent and an initiator to form a stable oil-in-water emulsion; and heating the emulsion to realize emulsion polymerization in order to form the epoxy resin self-repairing microcapsule. The epoxy resin self-repairing microcapsule is prepared by adopting the inorganic nanoparticles as an emulsifier through an emulsion polymerization process via the method; and compared with methods adopting molecular emulsifiers, the method provided by the invention has the advantages of no need of subsequent emulsifier removal, simple process, and no pollution to environment. The epoxy resin self-repairing microcapsule prepared in the invention has the advantages of excellent stability, excellent leakproofness and high cladding rate.
Owner:INST OF CHEM CHINESE ACAD OF SCI
Functionalized isobutylene-polyene copolymers and derivatives thereof
A carboxylic derivative composition derived from a carboxylated isobutylene-polyene copolymer having n ranging from about 200 to about 10,000, said copolymer having thereon from about 0.8 to about 7 moles per mole of copolymer of groups derived from at least one α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid or reactive equivalent thereof, reacted with at least one of (a) amines characterized by the presence within their structure of at least one condensable H—N< group, (b) alcohols. (c) reactive metals or reactive metal compounds, and (d) a combination of two or more of any of (a) through (c), the components of (d) having been reacted with the carboxylated isobutylene-polyene copolymer simultaneously or sequentially, in any order. Also, a process for preparing carboxylic derivative compositions, additive concentrates and lubricating oil compositions containing the carboxylic derivative compositions and methods for increasing the viscosity index of lubricating oil compositions.
Owner:THE LUBRIZOL CORP
Preparation method of continuous high-melt-strength polypropylene based on grafting reaction
The invention relates to a preparation method of a continuous high-melt-strength polypropylene based on a grafting reaction. The continuous high-melt-strength polypropylene comprises the following components: 100 parts by weight of polypropylene, 0.01-1 part by weight of initiator, 0.1-5 parts by weight of a first grafting monomer and 0.1-5 parts by weight of a second grafting monomer. The first grafting monomer is a vinyl silicone oil compound, and the second grafting monomer is a C5-C10 monoolefin or polyene compound. The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing the polypropylene, the initiator, the first grafting monomer and the second grafting monomer, adequately mixing the mixture, and then, adding the mixture to a twin-screw extruder, milling, extruding and granulating the mixture at 140-250 DEG C. The invention provides a method for preparing the high-melt-strength polypropylene which has no gelatin, has favorable color and luster and contains a long branch chain through a one-step silane method which has a simple process, flexibility in operation and an industrial implementation foreground, and a high-melt-strength polypropylene material obtained by the preparation method is applicable to the application fields of foaming, thermal forming, film blow molding, extrusion coating and the like.
Owner:EAST CHINA UNIV OF SCI & TECH
Titanium-silicon molecular sieve compound catalyst and preparation method thereof
ActiveCN102451763AGood catalyticAchieve direct catalytic conversionOrganic-compounds/hydrides/coordination-complexes catalystsBulk chemical productionHydration reactionFixed bed
The invention discloses a titanium-silicon molecular sieve compound catalyst and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps of: fully mixing a titanium-silicon molecular sieve, an acid molecular sieve, a polymeric monomer polyene-based compound and a pore forming agent; undergoing a polymerization reaction in the presence of an initiator; smashing an obtained lump solid catalyst; adding into a halogenated hydrocarbon for swelling; and extracting and activating with a solvent to obtain a molded titanium-silicon molecular sieve compound catalyst. Due to the adoption of the catalyst obtained in the invention, a corresponding process for preparing a corresponding diol compound by performing alkene epoxidation and undergoing a one-step hydration reaction can be realized, the problem of difficulty in separating titanium-silicon catalyst powder from a reaction solution can be solved simultaneously, and the reaction efficiency is increased. The catalyst is particularly suitable for catalytic reaction processes for preparation of ethylene glycol from ethylene, preparation of 1,2-propylene glycol from ethylene, alkene epoxidation, preparation of alcohol ether by etherification, and the like with a fixed bed process.
Owner:CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEM CORP +1
Nutrition balanced mixed oil containing fish-oil or polyenoid fish-oil and its production method
InactiveCN101142947AAvoid forgetting to takeComplementary scienceEdible oils/fatsFood preparationDiseaseBrain development
The invention provides nutritional blend oil containing fish oil or polyene fish oil. The blend oil adopts refined peanut oil, double-low rapeseed oil and other plant oil as raw material, fish oil and polyene fish oil is taken as mixing oil, and antioxidant agent consists of lipo-soluble tea polyphenol and vitamin E. Addition is calculated according to physical and nutritional requirement of various population and the content of various fatty acid in raw oil and mixing oil. Every 100g of product blend oil contains SFA 12-18g, MUFA 39-46g, omega-6 PUFA 31-38g and omega-3 PUFA 5-9g, wherein, total amount of omega-3 LCPUFA DHA+DPA+EPA is 0.1-5.0g, the ratio of DHA and (DPA+EPA) is 0.25-10:1, and the ratio of DHA and EPA is 4:1-25:1. The blend oil has the effect of promoting brain development, preventing myopia and early-aged dementia and reducing the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, etc.
Owner:张国浩 +1
Substrate for flexible organic optoelectric device and preparation thereof
InactiveCN101425560AImprove flatnessImprove surface propertiesFinal product manufactureSolid-state devicesAdhesiveUltraviolet lights
The invention discloses a base plate for a flexible optoelectronic device, which comprises a flexible underlay. The base plate is characterized in that a binding layer and a conducting film are arranged on the surface of the flexible underlay; the conducting film is deposited on the surface of the binding layer; the binding layer is made of an adhesive required to be solidified by ultraviolet light; the raw material of the adhesive comprises the following componentsof polythiol-polyene system, simple function group or polyfunctional group acrylic acid, a photoinitiator, a photosensitizer and an additive. The base plate solves the problem that the cohesion of the conducting film deposited and the underlay is bad due to low energy on the surface of the flexible underlay, improves the blocking performance of the underlay to water oxygen, and simultaneously plays a good smoothing role in the surface of the underlay; and the preparation method is simple and effective, the production cost and the process difficulty of the base plate can be greatly reduced, and the yield rate of the base plate during the etching process is improved.
Owner:UNIV OF ELECTRONICS SCI & TECH OF CHINA
Olefinic thermoplastic elastomer composition and method for producing the same
Owner:MITSUI CHEM INC
Method of coating a substrate with a radiation and chemically curable coating composition
The present invention provides a process for forming a coating on a substrate in which the coating composition comprises a polyene, a polythiol and a Michael addition catalyst. The coating is cured by exposure to ultraviolet radiation resulting in both free radical addition polymerization and Michael addition cure.
Owner:PPG IND OHIO INC
Stable aqueous solution of natamycin fungicide
Owner:DSM IP ASSETS BV
Water-soluble compositions of bioactive lipophilic compounds
Water-soluble compositions comprising a lipophilic compound and a solubilizing agent of the general formula: {X—OOC—[(CH2)n—COO]m}p—Y (I) wherein: X is a residue of a hydrophobic moiety, Y is a residue of a hydrophilic moiety, p is 1 or 2, m is 0 or 1, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 0 are disclosed. The lipophilic compound is preferably selected from the group consisting of water-insoluble ubiquinones, ubiquinols, vitamins, provitamins, polyene macrolide antibiotics, and mixtures thereof. The hydrophobic moiety is preferably a sterol or a tocopherol and the hydrophilic moiety is preferably a polyalkylene glycol. In some embodiments, the sterol is cholesterol or sitosterol, the tocopherol is α-(+)-tocopherol, the polyalkylene glycol is a polyethylene glycol or its methyl monoether having an average molecular weight between 400 and 1000, p is equal to 1 or 2, m is equal to 0 or 1 and n is an integer between 2 and 18.
Owner:NAT RES COUNCIL OF CANADA
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