The invention relates to a quantitative sampling robot suitable for multiple environments, comprising a car body on which a walking caterpillar is installed, wherein an optical camera, a lamp, an infrared thermal imager camera, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a sound sensor, a vibration sensor, an inflammable, explosive and noxious gas sensor and an air pressure sensor are installed in a rotatable observing cover on the top face of the car body; and both sides of the front part of the car body on which a ground dust quantitative sampling device is installed are respectively provided with one obstacle crossing arm with a caterpillar, and the front part of the car body is provided with a combination hub for mechanical arms. The robot also comprises a soil sampler, a sludge sampler, an air dust and microorganism sampler, an air speed sampler, a suction insect sampler, a dust counter, a liquid sampler and a gas sampler. The robot has the functions of horizontal movement, obstacle crossing, climbing, vertical creeping, float swimming, and the like; and the robot can observe and record images, sound, temperature, humidity, vibration and the concentration of inflammable, explosive and noxious gas by a computer in the process of driving of the robot, and can sense the signs of life bodies without being affected by light.