The invention discloses a steel wire drawing and winding mechanism. The steel wire drawing and winding mechanism comprises a wire unwinding mechanism, a drawing mechanism and a wire winding mechanism,wherein one side of the wire unwinding mechanism is provided with the drawing mechanism, the side, away from the wire unwinding mechanism, of the drawing mechanism is provided with the wire winding mechanism, and the wire unwinding mechanism is composed of a first fixed seat, a distance adjusting sliding groove, a distance adjusting screw rod, distance adjusting sliding blocks, a distance adjusting hand wheel, fixed supporting columns and a wire unwinding roller. According to the steel wire drawing and winding mechanism, by means of the arrangements of the distance adjusting screw rod and thedistance adjusting hand wheel, the separation distance between the fixed supporting columns can be flexibly adjusted according to the wire unwinding rollers of different specifications, and the practicality range of the steel wire drawing and winding mechanism is broadened; by means of the arrangements of a first pressing wheel and a second pressing wheel, squeezing and drawing on steel wires arerealized; and the steel wires are winded through a wire winding roller, under the action of a reciprocating screw rod, the wire winding roller is made to perform reciprocating motions, arranging of the steel wires in the winding process is realized, the steel wires are prevented from being wound in one place, and the machining efficiency of the steel wires is greatly improved.