The invention discloses an aircraft active discovery and cooperative anti-collision method and system, and relates to the field of multi-aircraft cooperation. According to the method aimed at a multi-aircraft common-domain flight scene, each aircraft predicts four-dimensional information of a future short-time flight path through existing information, active information sharing is realized betweenadjacent aircrafts, and cooperative collision prevention and cooperation ability evaluation are achieved. The method comprises the steps of future short-time flight line information prediction and broadcasting, broadcast receiving and space conflict analysis and avoidance, and collision avoidance returning. The system comprises a flight path and state recording module, a future short-time flightpath prediction module, a broadcast sending module, a broadcast receiving module, a space conflict analysis module, a conflict avoidance decision processing module, a cooperation ability evaluation module and a collision avoidance return decision processing module. The method and system have the advantages of high real-time performance, low calculation cost, low cost, more aircrafts accommodated in the same airspace and the like.