The invention relates to the field of macromolecular synthesis and discloses a method for performing catalyzed synthesis on
polyaspartic acid through a one-step process of a novel
solid acid catalyst. The method comprises the following steps: (1) adding
maleic anhydride into a reactor, adding deionized water, introducing cooling water for cooling, dropwise adding
ammonia water, and discharging water after the reaction is completed; (2) adding an acid modified
montmorillonite catalyst and
liquid paraffin into the reactor, heating to a
polymerization temperature, introducing cooling water for cooling after the reaction, and discharging the reaction solution; and (3) pouring and recovering the
liquid paraffin in the reaction solution, adding the obtained reddish brown
viscous liquid into the reactor, adding deionized water into the reactor, filtering, precipitating the filtrate by using a precipitator, separating and
drying to obtain the
polyaspartic acid. With the adoption of the novel
solid acid catalyst, the molecular weight of the
polyaspartic acid can be improved. In addition, due to the addition of slightly excessive
ammonia water,
polymerization and
hydrolysis reactions can be carried out in the same
system, the synthetic process is simplified, and large-scale production is facilitated.