A strengthening and regenerating system for a carbon dioxide capturing solution comprises a regeneration tower, a reboiler, a supersonic generator panel, a supersonic controller, a pressure sensor, a liquid position sensor, and a temperature sensor; rich liquor from an absorption tower enters the regeneration tower from the top part of the regeneration tower, then flows to the bottom part of the regeneration tower, enters the reboiler, absorbs the thermal energy there, and then is returned to the regeneration tower; when the solution submerges the supersonic generator panel, according to the liquid position information obtained by the liquid position sensor, a vibrator in the supersonic generator panel under the liquid position is started to work, then the carbon dioxide in the liquid phase is promoted to evaporate from the liquid phase through a supersonic cavitation effect, then the carbon dioxide rises to the top part of the regeneration tower and forms a pressure; and according to the pressure value measured by the pressure sensor and the temperature value measured by the temperature sensor, the supersonic controller adjusts the output frequency and power of the vibrator in the supersonic generator panel. The system can accelerate the evaporation speed of the carbon dioxide in the solution, reduces the desorption temperature, reduces the external steam consumption, improves the absorption rate of carbon dioxide and the regeneration degree of the solution, and reduces the energy consumption of each unit of carbon dioxide.