276results about How to "High salinity" patented technology

Methods of harvesting algae, and using algae as a biofuel, livestock feed, or food supplement are provided. The methods comprise contacting liquid algae suspensions with a filtration media. Depending upon the filtration media, the resulting algae and filtration media admixture is then utilized as a biofuel, livestock feed, food supplements, or for the extraction of algae oil. Admixtures comprising a combustible filtration media, such as coal, are particularly preferred. The methods are suitable for use with any algae species. Compositions for use as a biofuel, livestock feed, or food supplement are also provided. These compositions comprise an admixture of algae and a filtration media.

A method of recovering crude oil from a subterranean hydrocarbon containing formation which comprises (a) injecting into said formation an aqueous solution containing an effective amount alkali metal, alkaline-earth or ammonium salts of alcohol ether sulfonates derived from unsaturated alcohol ethers, and (b) displacing said solution into one or more injection wells and recovering the oil from one or more production wells. The unsaturated alkoxylated alcohol contain various amounts of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxides elected to optimize their interfacial properties with different types of crude oil with different brines.

The present invention determines one or more properties of a soil sample by scanning a soil sample using a visible near infrared diffuse reflectance diffuse reflectance (VisNIR) spectroradiometer, scanning the soil sample using a x-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectrometer, receiving a diffuse reflectance spectra from the VisNIR spectroradiometer and an elemental data from the PXRF spectrometer, determining one or more properties of the soil sample using one or more processors and a predictive model that relates the diffuse reflectance spectra and the elemental data to the one or more properties, and providing the one or more properties of the soil sample to one or more input / output interface.

A method and system for treating an aqueous stream in the production of hydrocarbon are provided. An osmotic operation is performed between the stream of produced water and a stream of draw fluid to transfer water from the produced water to the draw fluid, thereby diluting the draw fluid to form a stream of diluted draw fluid and concentrating the produced water to form a stream of concentrated produced water. The concentration of the produced water can facilitate the subsequent removal of contaminants therefrom, and, in some cases, the diluted draw fluid can be re-used, e.g., for injection into the well of the hydrocarbon production operation or as a fertilizing fluid.

The invention provides an in-situ uranium leaching and mining treatment method by adding O2 into CO2. The invention comprises the steps of (1) adding O2 into leaching solution, then injecting an underground mine-water contained layer into a liquid injection pipeline, and preparing the leaching solution by adopting different oxygenation concentrations according to different underground leaching periods; (2) adding 100-300mg / L of CO2 into the leaching solution containing uranium; (3) conducting ion exchange adsorption on the leaching solution containing uranium, adopting macroporous styrene strong-base anion exchange resin, adsorbing to obtain saturated resin adsorption tail solution; and (4) washing saturated resin by adopting an eluting agent, and then analyzing uranyl carbonate ion solution to obtain Na2U2O7 sediment slurry and sediment mother liquor. According to the method, a high-temperature heating device is eliminated, so that the energy consumption and equipment investment are lowered greatly, the alkali consumption is lowered, control parameters are refined, the consumption of alkali is saved, and the production cost is lowered.

Methods of treating a high salinity liquid, such as seawater, containing boron are provided, including adjusting the pH of the liquid to about 8 to about 9.5, optionally adding a scale inhibitor to the liquid, passing the liquid through a reverse osmosis device, and recovering a permeate having a boron concentration less than about 2 ppm. One embodiment includes removing colloidal matter from the liquid using a membrane filtration system, such as ultrafiltration or microfiltration, prior to passing the liquid through the reverse osmosis device, and preferably prior to adjusting the pH of the liquid.

The present invention provides a plant propagation medium, the improvement comprising a manure having a moisture content of 10 to 35 wt % with a salt level sufficient to achieve a conductivity of less than 0.35 dS / m. Also disclosed is a method of manufacturing a manure product and the manure product itself.

The invention relates to a saline-alkali soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof. The saline-alkali soil conditioner is constituted by glacial acetic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid and tap water. The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing the tap water, citric acid and oxalic acid according to weight ratio and placing in a reaction kettle; starting stirring, warming up to 40 DEG C to 60 DEG C for 0.5 hour to 1 hour; weighing the glacial acetic acid according to weight ratio and placing in the reaction kettle; stirring, warming up to 50 DEG C to 60 DEG C for 0.5 hour to 1 hour; cooling down to 25 DEG C to 40 DEG C; carrying out measurement packaging after the samplings pass the inspection to obtain the finished product of saline-alkali soil conditioner. The saline-alkali soil conditioner in the invention is simple in manufacturing process, low in raw materials and production cost, and can realize the improvement of soil physicochemical property, inhibit theascending of saline matter and neutralizing the alkalinity of the soil.

The invention concerns inhibitor compositions based on fatty sulphydryl acid and poly(ethyleneamino)imidazoline salts for considerably reducing the corrosive effect of carbon brine on iron and ferrous metals. These compositions are as efficient when the corrosive medium is driven with a high flowrate and in biphasic brine / oil medium.

A process for recovering oil from an oil-bearing formation comprises introducing into said formation an aqueous composition comprising at least one sulfonated derivative of one or more internal olefins, said internal olefins being characterized by having low amounts of tri-substitution on the olefin bond, said sulfonated derivative being obtained by sulfonating a composition comprising internal olefins of the formula:R1R2C═CR3R4 wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are the same or different and are hydrogen or straight- or branched-chain, saturated hydrocarbyl groups and the total number of carbon atoms of R1, R2, R3 and R4 is 6 to 44 with the proviso that at least about 96 mole percent of R1 and R3 are straight- or branched-chain, saturated hydrocarbyl groups and at least about 96 mole percent of R2 and R4 are hydrogen. Further provided are compositions for use in recovering oil from an oil-bearing formation which comprise the sulfonated derivatives of one or more internal olefins having low amounts of tri-substitution on the olefin bond.

The invention discloses an arid region heavily-salted original soil afforesting method. The arid region heavily-salted original soil afforesting method includes the steps that sand doping is firstly carried out to improve the physical structure of soil in a planting area, annual growth halophyte is planted in the first year to achieve afforesting and soil partial desalting, ridging is carried out in the second year to construct furrow terrains, tamarix chinensis, amorpha fruticosa and sweet clover which are resistant to salt are planted on ridges in a trickle irrigation mode to achieve biological salt moving and soil fertilizing, and suaeda salsa is planted in furrows in a trickle irrigation mode to increase the earth surface cover degree, improve physical-chemical properties of soil and desalt the soil. By means of the arid region heavily-salted original soil afforesting method, the physical improvement and the biological improvement of the salted soil are integrated, the technical measures of furrow cultivation and water saving trickle irrigation are combined, the arid region heavily-salted original soil afforesting method is easy and convenient to operate and low in cost, and the stability and the sustainability of the heavily-salted original soil afforesting are achieved.

A water treatment device comprises: a membrane desalination unit; a first conduit transporting a first stream of feed water to the membrane unit; a second conduit transporting a first stream of product water from the membrane desalination unit; an electrical separation unit; a third conduit transporting a first stream of reject water from the membrane desalination unit to the electrical separation unit; a fourth conduit transporting a second stream of product water from the electrical separation unit; a precipitation unit; a fifth conduit transporting a second stream of reject water from the electrical separation unit to the precipitation unit; a sixth conduit transporting a second stream of feed water from the precipitation unit to the electrical separation device; a seventh conduit releasing a discharge stream of water; and a chemical injection unit communicating with at least one of the electrical separation device and the precipitation unit. Associated method is provided.

The invention relates to a method for improving soil saline alkali, belongs to the technical field of soil adjustment methods and mainly solves the problems of poor soil saline alkali improvement effects, small improvement saline alkali soil areas and low unit yields in the prior art. The method comprises fifteen steps of land flattening, seedling bed arranging, land leveling, alkali washing, alkali pressing, seed selection, seed sowing and seedling raising, greenhouse building, ventilation and temperature management, seedling water management, seedling pest control, land beating leveling, seedling transplanting, tillering stage management and booting and earing period management. By the aid of the method, by means of autotetraploid rice planting, water management strengthening, organic fertilizer increasing, integrated control of plant diseases and insect pests and land management, the soil saline alkali is improved apparently, the saline-alkali soil is improved in large area, and the yield per unit is high.

The invention relates to a foaming agent developed for foam drainage of a gas well, in particular to a fatty acid amide propyl betaine foam scrubbing agent as well as a preparation method and an application thereof. The fatty acid amide propyl betaine foam scrubbing agent is adaptable to the highly-mineralized and high-oil-bearing extreme environment with the mineralization degree higher than 25*10<4> mg / L and the content of condensate oil higher than 30%. According to the technical scheme, lauric acid, coconut fatty acid, oleic acid (cis-9-octadecenoic acid) and other fatty acids are added to a reactor in a certain mole ratio and have a condensation reaction with N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propane diamine at the temperature of 140-160 DEG C for 3-4 h, and an intermediate product, namely, long-chain alkyl tertiary amine, is obtained; the intermediate product and sodium chloroacetate have a nucleophilic substitution reaction at the temperature of 60-90 DEG C for 3-6 h, the content of free amine is tested to be smaller than 0.5%, fatty acid amide propyl betaine is obtained after the reaction, and fatty acid amide propyl betaine is a main agent of the foam scrubbing agent for the gas well. The prepared foam scrubbing agent has good foaming and foam stabilizing performance, foams carry a large quantity of liquids, and the foam scrubbing agent has excellent foam flooding performance in various extreme environments and has wide prospect.

Fluids viscosified with viscoelastic surfactants (VESs) may have their viscosities reduced (gels broken) by the direct or indirect action of an internal breaker composition that contains at least one mineral oil, at least one polyalphaolefin oil, at least one saturated fatty acid and / or at least one unsaturated fatty acid. The internal breaker may initially be dispersed oil droplets in an internal, discontinuous phase of the fluid. In one non-limiting embodiment, the internal breaker, e.g. mineral oil, is added to the fluid after it has been substantially gelled. An oil-soluble surfactant is present to enhance or accelerate the reduction of viscosity of the gelled aqueous fluid.

A method and system for treating an aqueous stream in the production of hydrocarbon are provided. An osmotic operation is performed between the stream of produced water and a stream of draw fluid to transfer water from the produced water to the draw fluid, thereby diluting the draw fluid to form a stream of diluted draw fluid and concentrating the produced water to form a stream of concentrated produced water. The concentration of the produced water can facilitate the subsequent removal of contaminants therefrom, and, in some cases, the diluted draw fluid can be re-used, e.g., for injection into the well of the hydrocarbon production operation or as a fertilizing fluid.

The invention discloses an environmental-friendly type foam water-draining agent and a preparation method thereof. The environmental-friendly type foam water-draining agent adopts a biodegradable material; and the foam water drainage refers to discharging liquid accumulated at the bottom of a well out of the well by utilizing the water containing performance of foam and the own capability of the well bottom so as to realize the purpose of increasing the yield of the natural gas well. In a field experiment, the foam water-draining agent disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the foam water drainage gas producing process can be met by good foaming capability, foam stabilizing capability and liquid carrying capability, and the foam water-draining effect can be achieved. The environmental-friendly type foam water-draining agent is characterized by comprising the following components of: cocamidopropyl dimethylamine hydroxysultaine, dodecyl dimethyl betaine, alkyl glycoside, cocamidopropyl betaine, lauramidopropyl betaine, dodecyl dimethyl ammonium oxide, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, urea and water.

A composition includes water having a salinity of at least 1 ppt, at least one hydrophilic polymer containing primary (—NH2) and / or secondary (—NHR) amine groups and at least one saccharide containing a reducible function. A method of changing the permeability of a subterranean formation includes the step of injecting into a subterranean formation a composition comprising water, at least one hydrophilic polymer containing at least two groups which are independently the same or different a primary amine group or a secondary amine group and at least one saccharide containing a reducible function.

The invention discloses kitchen waste filtrate treatment equipment and method. The treatment method comprises the steps that the kitchen filtrate firstly enters an oil separation tank used for separating oil substances from water substances; the water after separation is converged into a regulating tank and the water quality and quantity are regulated; the effluent enters a reaction tank, PAC (polyaluminium chloride) and PAM (polyacrylamide) are added to the effluent, so that fine particles in the water form a plenty of alum flocs, and then the alum flocs precipitate to be separated in a precipitation tank, thus removing most oil and scum; the effluent from the precipitation tank automatically flows into a neutralization tank, the pH value is regulated to neutral and then the effluent enters a pressure dissolved air floatation tank used for removing the scum formed by the flocculated suspended matter particles or oil particles brought on the water surface from the wastewater; then the pollutants such as organic matters, ammonia nitrogen and the like are removed by the pretreatment+anaerobic+aerobic precipitation+sand filtration technology of an exclusively added backflow sludge contact reactor; finally the wastewater reaches discharge standard.

The invention relates to a process for preparing drilling fluid, in particular to a process for preparing the drilling fluid for preventing polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit balling. The process comprises a construction process and a dosage formula of treating agents and is characterized in that: according to the dosage formula, the treating agents are prepared by mixing clear water polymer original slurry, poly anionic cellulose (PAC), calcium carbonate (QS-4), carboxymethyl starch (CMS), sulfonated phenolic resin(SMP-2), water dispersible cation emulsified asphalt powder (SFT-1), sodium chloride(NaCL) and sodium formate (WT-1) in a mass ratio of 1,000:2-3:30-40:20-30:2-3:1.5-2:50-100:20; and the construction process comprises the following steps of: according to a circulation circle, uniformly mixing a coating agent PAC, a filtrate reducer CMS, a salt and high-temperature resistant filtrate reducer SMP-2 and an anti-sloughing lubricant SFT-1 for 12h at first; adding QA-4, NaCL, WT-1 into the mixture and uniformly mixing the mixture; and regulating the mixture to have a density Rho of 1.06 to 1.10g / cm<3>, a funnel viscosity T of 38 to 45s and an API water loss FL of 4 to 6ml. The process has the advantages of effectively preventing the balling of a sticking bit and a PDC bit at a lower curved section, reducing a frictional resistance and a torque, eliminating a sticking phenomenon, improving a mechanical drilling rate and ensuring downhole safety.

The invention provides a method for processing liquid dung of a pig farm through a flocculation oxidizing resistance dimishing method. The method is used for degrading organic matter in liquid dung, reducing a chemical oxygen demand and ammonia and nitrogen values, removing harmful fungus, such as escherichia coli and other bacteria, and removing bad smelling, so that the processed liquid dung is ensured to be odorless and colorless, and the CODcr, NH3-N, T-P and T-N and other indexes exceed a national intensive discharge standard on the liquid dung of livestock and poultry industry based on a concept of upper state micro-electronics transfer and an oxidation-reduction micro reaction, so that harmless processing of the liquid dung is achieved. According to the method provided by the invention, follow-up processing resistance is reduced by flocculating dung residue, and then the organic matter in the liquid dung is degraded through a strong oxidation method; and a coagulation technology is also carried out, thus, various dissolved organic matters can be combined to obtain tightly-structured organic polymer to be sunken; and a filter press is utilized for quickly dewatering, therefore, the residue and water can be separated; and the method provided by the invention occupies a small floor area, is fast in speed, lower in cost and good in effect, and has obvious social benefit and environmental benefit.

The invention discloses fracturing fluid and a preparation method thereof. The fracturing fluid is formed by mixing base fluid and crosslinked fluid according to the crosslinking ratio of 100 to 5; the base fluid consists of the following compositions according to mass percentage: 03 to 0.5 percent of hydroxypropyl guanidine gum HPG-1, 0.4 to 0.5 percent of a temperature stabilizer for the fracturing fluid, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of a low temperature evocating agent for the fracturing fluid, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of a cleanup additive and the balance being sewage water from a crude oil layer; and the crosslinked fluid consists of the following compositions according to mass percentage: 0.5 to 1.5 percent of borax, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of ammonium persulfate and the balance being clear water. The method for preparing the fracturing fluid comprises the following steps: the prepared base fluid and the prepared fracturing fluid are respectively placed for 100 to 120 minutes and are mixed according to the crosslinking rate of 100 to 5 to form the fracturing fluid. The method adopts the sewage water for matching the fracturing fluid, saves cost, has small pollution to the environment and improves the wave and volume of a water-driven reservoir and the oil-sweeping efficiency.

The invention discloses a biological purification agent applied to sewage of livestock and poultry farms and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstlyadding a compound microorganism bacterium agent into an immobilized carrier formed by three carriers including sodium alginate zeolite, sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol to obtain a bacterium solution, wherein the mass ratio of the immobilized carrier to the compound microorganism bacterium agent is (200-300) to 1, the compound microorganism bacterium agent contains rhodospirillum, nitrifyingbacteria and bacillus subtilis according to a volume ratio of 1 to 1 to 1, and the number of effective living bacteria in per gram of the compound microorganism bacterium agent is greater than or equal to 109; then dropping the bacterium solution into a boric acid saturated solution with 4-8% of CaCl2 to obtain globular immobilized compound microorganisms; finally enabling the immobilized compound microorganisms to stand and cure under the condition of 4 DEG C, carrying out immobilized crosslinking for 24 hours to obtain immobilized microorganism globules, washing the immobilized microorganism globules with deionized water for at least three times to obtain the biological purification agent. The preparation method is simple and is low in cost; the prepared purification agent has strong stability, and high microorganism activity, is environmentally friendly, and is free of secondary pollution.

The invention provides a biochar grassed slope structure for a coastal reclamation district channel. The biochar grassed slope structure is composed of a turf protection layer, a biochar soil recovery layer, a straw water guide layer and a crushed stone water draining body from top to bottom. The turf protection layer is fixed through cross-shaped wooden piles. The biochar soil recovery layer is formed by mixing biochar, flue gas desulfurization gypsum and local topsoil, and a good substrate is provided for the growth of turf. The straw water guide layer is manufactured by crushed straw with different lengths, and the lengths of the straw are gradually reduced from top to bottom according to the structure of an inverted filter layer. The crushed stone water draining body is arranged at a slope bottom, residual water collected in the straw water guide layer is removed timely. On one hand, the good carbon collecting function of the biochar can be utilized, the soil salinity and alkalinity of a reclamation district is improved, and sufficient nutrition is provided for the growth of the turf, and a slope surface is protected better by the turf. On the other hand, the water guide layer made of the straw prevents salt from accumulating in deep soil, seepage deformation is avoided through the structure of the inverter filter layer, a side slope is protected, and the overall structural performance and stability of the side slope are effectively enhanced.

The invention provides a method for adding CO2 and O2 in-ground leaching in heavy carbonic acid type ground water and leachate, which comprises the following steps: (1) adding CO2 and O2 into the leaching solution to leach uranium underground to obtain uranium leachate; (2) adding uranium to the uranium Add CO2 to the leaching solution to adjust the pH value of the uranium leaching solution, and then filter it mechanically; (3) perform ion exchange adsorption on the uranium leaching solution in the adsorption tower; (4) perform leaching on the saturated resin to obtain Cl-type poor resin and leaching qualified solution (5) transforming the Cl-type poor resin with the adsorption tail liquid; (6) acidifying the eluting qualified liquid, adding alkali and aging precipitation at room temperature, washing, filtering and drying the precipitated slurry to obtain uranium products. The method of the invention only adds O2 and CO2 without adding other reagents, which will not cause blockage of ore beds and pollution of underground water; at the same time, the preparation process is integrated, the operation is simplified, and the cost is saved.

The invention relates to bacillus mucilaginosus and application thereof for preparing a saline alkali soil improvement agent. The bacillus mucilaginosus JDzhs-bh is preserved at the China Center for Type Culture Collection on March 20th, 2019, the address is No.3, courtyard 1, the western Beichen road, Chaoyang district of Beijing, and the strain preservation number is CGMCC No.17376. The invention discloses bacillus mucilaginosus capable of resisting high temperature and saline alkali and being cultivated through ultraviolet mutation screening for the first time. The bacillus mucilaginosus has the stress resistance for high temperature and saline alkali, and can effectively adapt to saline alkali hardening soil. Meanwhile, the effect of degrading silicon and phosphorus is achieved, release of elements such as soluble silicon and phosphorus in soil is promoted, crop stress resistance is enhanced, the utilization rate of the soil repairing agent is achieved, saline alkali soil is repaired and improved, and salinization is lowered.

The present invention relates to systems and methods for desalinating and / or treating polluted water. More particularly, the present invention relates to systems and methods for desalinating and / or treating polluted water using gas hydrates. In particular, the system comprises a desalination tank configured to form gas hydrates using a suitable hydrate former taken from a storage tank that is operatively connected to the desalination tank. With all operations, including formation of gas hydrates, discharging of highly saline water, washing the gas hydrates and dissociation of gas hydrates being conducted in a single pressurized tank such as the desalination tank, the present apparatus provides a simple and efficient solution at a low manufacturing and operating cost.

Fluids viscosified with viscoelastic surfactants (VESs) may have their viscosities reduced (gels broken) by the direct or indirect action of a synergistic internal breaker composition that contains at least one first internal breaker that may be a mineral oil and a second breaker that may be an unsaturated fatty acid. The internal breakers may initially be dispersed oil droplets in an internal, discontinuous phase of the fluid. This combination of different types of internal breakers break the VES-gelled aqueous fluid faster than if one of the breaker types is used alone in an equivalent total amount.