The invention relates to the technical field of computer block chains, and provides a data interaction method based on block chain on-chain and off-chain coordination. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, constructing an on-chain and off-chain collaborative interaction framework; when a user requests to write / update data, writing / modifying original data in the off-chain data center,extracting a data abstract from the original data / to-be-modified data and signing, selecting a main node to construct a block and access a block chain, and then notifying other nodes to synchronize; when a user requests to inquire data, sending signatures to verification nodes, the verification nodes inquiring the on-chain data and broadcasting the data, when more than half of the verification nodes inquire the same data, selecting the main node, the main node inquiring the original data from the off-chain data center and extracting the data abstract, comparing the on-chain data and the off-chain data, if yes, returning the query permission of the user, and if not, informing the user that the data is damaged. According to the invention, the data security and integrity can be ensured, and the speed is high when large data interaction is carried out.