The invention belongs to the technical field of film materials, and particularly relates to a transparent heat-insulating ultraviolet-proof composite film based on a photonic quasicrystal material anda preparation method thereof. The composite film structurally comprises a transparent substrate layer, a photonic quasicrystal functional film layer, an adhesive layer and a strippable layer. The photonic quasicrystal film is formed by polymer core-shell-structure microspheres and infrared functional nanoparticles which are stacked and arranged in a three-dimensional ordered manner through a specific process, and has adjustable structure color and optical transparency. The structural color, transparency and ultraviolet and infrared blocking wavelength range of the film can be regulated and controlled by regulating and controlling the core microsphere size, shell thickness and refractive index of the core-shell-structure microspheres and the content of the infrared functional nanoparticles, and the ultraviolet and infrared blocking efficiency can also be controlled by regulating and controlling the thickness. The formed composite film is high in ultraviolet light blocking efficiency, high in visible light transmittance and good in heat insulation effect, and has excellent transparent heat insulation ultraviolet-proof and explosion-proof performance, and can be used for energy conservation, explosion prevention and the like of automobiles and building glass.