The invention discloses a one-parameter variable camber drum-shaped cutter, a method for determining the pose thereof, and application thereof. The variable camber bus bar of the cutter comprises curves such as involute of circle, ellipse line, hyperbola, parabola, logarithmic curve. The equation of the variable camber bus bar can be selected properly according to the property of the curved surface to be processed. If the involute is used as the bus bar of the cutter, because the only parameter determining the shape of the curve is the radius of a base circle, the involute is called as a one-parameter variable camber bus bar; contact points with the same curvature on the cutter can be determined according to the curvature of the curved surface to be processed; and through the position of the only determined contact point of the curve on the cutter by the equation, the pose of the cutter can be optimized by taking the largest processing line width as an objective function. The cutter has high processing precision and high processing efficiency, and can achieve the highly-efficient processing to the edge part of a blade.