The present invention relates to a turbine power generation system having an emergency operation means capable of controlling and recycling the excessive amount of heat accumulated at the time of an emergency operation caused by a device malfunction, and an emergency operation method therefor. The turbine power generation system includes a steam turbine, a condenser, a compression pump, a heater, an inlet valve, and a proportional control valve which are sequentially connected and form a closed loop, and the turbine power generation system comprises a synchronizer and a governor which enable the amount of a working fluid, which flows through the closed loop, to be controlled by the inlet valve and the proportional control valve according to the number of rotations per unit hour of the steam turbine. The turbine power generation system comprises: an inlet sensor part which is installed between the heater and the inlet valve and includes a thermometer, a pressure gauge and a flowmeter; a branch pipe which branches from one point between the inlet sensor part and the inlet valve and is connected to the condenser; and a heat control means installed in the branch pipe. The heat control means comprises a heat storage valve, a heat storage device, and a discharge valve which are sequentially installed in the branch pipe from the one point, wherein the heat storage device comprises a heat exchanger so that the heat amount exchanged in the heat storage device is transferred to a heat consuming facility. Accordingly, the turbine power generation system having an emergency operation means of the present invention can reduce thermal overload during an emergency operation caused by a device malfunction of the turbine power generation system, minimize thermal consumption by means of recycling, and prevent various problems caused by interruption to the operation of the turbine power generation system.