The invention relates to a large-aperture long-focal length remote sensing camera distortion measurement device and a measurement method. The device comprises a collimator, a two-dimensional turntable, a mechanical shutter, an integrating sphere, a star point target, and a TDI-CCD long-focal length large-aperture remote sensing camera, wherein the TDI-CCD long-focal length large-aperture remote sensing camera is arranged on the two-dimensional turntable; the collimator is arranged at the entrance pupil place of the TDI-CCD long-focal length large-aperture remote sensing camera; and the light input end of the collimator is sequentially provided with the mechanical shutter, the star point target and the integrating sphere. The TDI-CCD long-focal length large-aperture remote sensing camera works in a planer array imaging mode, the mechanical shutter and the camera are exposed synchronously, the star point target serves as a camera imaging target via the collimator, and for completing each time of star point imaging, the turntable is rotated for an angle in a vertical integrating direction along the TDI sensor. Thus, the whole sensor is traversed, images of multiple of star point images at different positions are acquired, and through carrying out matching calculation between precise positions of the star point images and rotation angles of the turntable, distortion coefficients of the TDI-CCD linear array remote sensing camera in vertical and parallel push-broom directions can be acquired at the same time.