The invention belongs to the technical field of a lithium battery diaphragm, and in particular relates to a nanometer single ion conductor coated lithium battery diaphragm and a preparation method thereof. The lithium battery diaphragm adopts a porous polymer membrane or a non-woven fabric as a base material, and adopts single ion conductor nano-particles and polymers for modifying the surface of the base material. The prepared high-performance low-temperature lithium battery diaphragm is 5-100 microns in thickness, is 1-1000s / 100cc in air permeability, is 30-85% in porosity, is 0.02-8 microns in a pore diameter range, and is 100-800% in electrolyte absorptivity. The coated diaphragm has the good low temperature performance, high ionic migration number and ionic conductivity, and good rate capability and long cycle performance, and can improve the stability of an interface with positive and negative materials; and besides, the preparation process is simple and easy to operate, and low in production cost, and the mass production is easy to realize.