The invention discloses a high-speed adaptive optical closed-loop control method based on a far field, and the method employs a device which consists of a far-field collection module, a far-field-to-wavefront restoration module, a high-voltage amplifier, and a wavefront corrector module, and the far-field collection module records the change process of a far-field image in real time. The wavefrontrestoration module restores wavefront according to the far-field light intensity distribution of the current frame and the far-field light intensity distribution of the previous frame, and drives thehigh-voltage amplifier to control the wavefront corrector to correct the phase difference in the light path according to the wavefront information obtained by restoration. Single far-field light intensity distribution is adopted for closed-loop control, additional far-field information such as far-field light spot distribution on an out-of-focus surface does not need to be added, the light path structure can be simplified, and meanwhile the light energy utilization rate is increased; the phase of the incident wavefront can be determined according to the far fields of the front frame and the rear frame, and particularly, aberration data can be accurately obtained under the condition of less self-adaptive optical correction or smaller input aberration, so that the aberration can be quicklyand accurately corrected, and the real-time performance is stronger.