The invention is suitable for the technical field of geographic information, and provides a space vector data indexing and querying method based on HBase distributed storage. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a space database meta-table, each record in the space database meta-table corresponding to a space vector data set table; and querying the space vector data set table by each server node according to query conditions, and returning a query result to a client. According to the invention, a RowKey index is composed of partitions, spaces, attributes, object IDs and the like, the organization mode of vector space data can be effectively improved, and therefore redundant storage of the data is avoided; meanwhile, a partitioning strategy is self-defined, so that the data can be automatically and uniformly distributed to each server node, and the resource utilization rate of each node of the cluster is relatively balanced; in addition, a space coding method based on the XZ-Ordering thought is adopted, and the problem that line and surface elements cross geographic grids can be effectively solved.