The invention discloses a quick operation method and device and a mobile terminal, and belongs to the field of Internet mobile terminals. The method includes the steps of displaying preview content on a screen locking interface, wherein the preview content comprises at least one of character information, picture information, expression information, incoming message information and geographical information, and receiving operations carried out by a user on the preview content, processing the preview content according to the operations, wherein processing includes at least one of read marking, collecting marking, storing, deleting, reporting, replying, playing and updating. According to the quick operation method and device and the mobile terminal, the preview content is directly displayed on the screen locking interface, operations are directly carried out on the preview content, the problems that operations need to be carried out many times in an existing quick operation method, and the whole interaction process is redundant are solved, and the effect that a short text message can be marked read or a microblog information can be directly deleted after only three steps are carried out is achieved.