The invention relates to a crop pest identification method based on an Android platform. The method comprises the steps of starting application software of a mobile phone with the Android platform, enabling the mobile phone to be connected with a wireless network, selecting the type of a crop, collecting a pest image, transmitting the pest image to an application program server, cutting the pest image with the application program server, and judging whether the expected threshold value is reached or not; if yes, conducting preprocessing, feature extraction and multi-feature fusion on the pest image in sequence; if not, cutting the pest image again; identifying features of the pest image, and transmitting the identified result and the corresponding pest control method to the mobile phone with the Android platform. The invention further discloses a crop pest identification system based on the Android platform. According to the crop pest identification method and system based on the Android platform, a user can intelligently diagnose crop pests anytime and anywhere, the limitation of simply relying on an agricultural specialist is avoided, the Android mobile phone platform is utilized, a traditional crop pest diagnosis mode is completely changed, farmland management efficiency is improved, and convenience is brought to the user.