The invention discloses a method for extracting, purifying, and inspecting astragalus in Beiqi mushrooms, and relates to the field of extraction, purification, and inspection of active substances in the Beiqi mushrooms. The method comprises the following steps of: taking 70% of ethanol as an extracting agent, and carrying out auxiliary treatment through a microwave ultrasonic auxiliary extractor to obtain an astragalus crude extracting solution; taking a mixed solution of chloroform, methanol, ethyl acetate, and water as a developing solvent, and separating and purifying astragaloside, astragalus saponin I, II, and III through thin-layer chromatography; using chromatography methanol and ultrapure water as a mobile phase, and accurately determining sample molecular mass information (a mass-to-charge ratio of molecular ions or fragment ions) with a high resolution mass spectrometer; detecting a functional group of the sample by infrared, and analyzing the molecular structure of the sample; and determining a rotation degree, a specific rotation degree, and a melting point of the sample. According to the method for extracting, purifying, and inspecting astragalus in Beiqi mushroom, microgram amount of separation analysis to gram amount of separation preparation can be achieved by using TLC-MS-IR series technology to detect astragalus in the Beiqi mushrooms; and the method is simpleto operate, short in time and high in efficiency.